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FEDERAL REPORTE&
ment of the receiver, directing him to take possession and operate the road. On the twenty-fourth of March, 1884, and on the twenty. ninth of May, the Honorable SAMUEL TREAT, holding the circuit court in the Eastern district of Missouri, made two orders in respect to claims, and on the sixteenth of May, the Hon. HENRY C. CALDWELL, holding..the circuit court for the district of Arkansas, also entered an order in respect to the settlement of claims. The ordel's of the two courts differ in some respects, and application is now made to me to set aside all these orders and to make for both courts an order which shall be uniform in its operation, The order in the cireuit court for the Easteru district of Missouri was the same as the order of that court in Blair v. St. Louis, H. (f K. R. Co. 19 FED. REP. 861; and the order in the Eastern district of Arkansas was the same as the order of that court in Dow v. Memphis (f L. R. B. Go. 20 FED. REP. 266-269, where the orders and reasoning of the court in support of them are set out. The differences between the orders of the two courts may be briefly stated thus: The circuit court of :Missouri required all claims to be presented to the master for allowance; the circuit court of Arkansas, that they might be ascertained by suit in the state courts, providing, however, that the property in the possession of the receiver should not be touched by process issuing out of such courts, The former court required the receiver to payout of the earnings of the road all debts for labor, materials, and supplies, and all outstanding debts for necessary operating and inanaging expenses in the ordinary course of business incurred after the first of September, 1883; the latter, that all debts due for freight and ticket balances, for work, labor, and supplies, and all obligations incurred in transporting passengers and freight, or for injuries to persons and property, accruing since the first of September, 1883, should in similar manner be paid. It seems to me clear, under the decisions of the supreme court, that neither of these orders is in excess of tue proper powers and discretion of a court appointing a receiver. Miltenberger v. Railway, 106 U. S. 286; S. C. 1 Sup. Ct. Rep. 140; Trust Go. v. Souther, 107 U. S. 591; S. C. 2 Sup, Ct. Rep. 295; Trust Go. v. W(tlker, 107 U. S. 596; S. C. 2 Sup. Ct. Rep. 299. Indeed, as to the classes of claims for which payment is provided, I think the difference between the two orders is very slight; for under the description, debts for necessary operating and managing expenses in the ordinary course of business, would, I think, fairly be included traffic and freight balances, so that probably Judge CALDWELL'!:! order in this respect differs from Judge TREAT'S only in providing for injuries to persons and property occurring since the first of September, 1883; but this, doubtless, is a trifling matter. The other is the more important difference, and yet, after all, it is simply in the manner of determining claims. Under neither order can the possession of the receiver be interfered with. Under these circumstances ought the application of complainants to
OENTBAL TRUST CO. OF NEW YORK, V. TEXAS & ST. L. BY.
137
be sustained? I have given the matter a good deal of thought, not so much because in this particular case the qnestion seemed to be of great importance, but because it opens the door to a general inquiry as to the circumstances under which the circuit judge should interfere when differences arise between two courts in the circuit as to the of administration of a property lying partly within the each of those courts. The question is not which of the orders of the two courts is the better one and the most appropriate to the condidition of affairs, but'whether an emergency has arisen which calls for the interference of the circuit judge to compel uniformity. The dif-, respects ference arises, not in the appointment of the receiver, nor the possession of the property, for the same person has been designated as receiver by both courts, and his possession is not interfered with. Neither does it arise as to the terms of the final decree by which the rights of the various parties in interest are adjudicated; but it is as to a mere matter of administration, and is not one vital to the substantial rights of the parties named. It affects rather the convenience of the parties and the modes of procedure. Under those circumstances, I think, no emergency has arisen which calls for the interference of the circuit judge. Doubtless, uniformity of procedure is on many accounts desirable. The court in which the bill is filed in the first instance and the receiver appointed is the court of primary administration; and the other, one in which the administration is merely ancillary; yet the rights of all parties go back to the statutes of tbe two states, and although the corporation is a single consolidated corporation, yet its rights in each of the states must largely be affected by the statutes, and the conrse of decision and procedure therein. This difference in the origin and source of rights may naturally affect many matters of procedure in the administration of the property, and it cannot be held that such procedure must in all cases be made uniform in the two states. Doubt· less, it would be more convenient for the receiver to have but a single rule of administration, but prior to the appointment of receiver the corporation was bound to adjust itself and its dealings in the two states to their different laws and varied methods of procedure; and it cannot be affirmed that it is an unnecessary burden on the receiver if similar differences are recognized after his appointment. As intimated heretofore, I do not feel called upon to express any opinion as to the merits of either procedure. Much might be said in favor of each. The one is more simple, keeps everything more closely within the control of the court, while the other interferes less with the prio'r condition of affairs, and gives to claimants the ordinary and, accustomed channels of establishing their claims. I believe that either may properly be resorted to by a court in the administration of such a property, and so believing I do not think I ought to interfere for the purpose of compelling uniformity. Of course, when the time comes for a final decree, if a difference should arise the need of uniformity would be
138
FEDERAL REPORTER.
more urgent. So, also, even in the mere administration of the property, the differences might be such as to vitally affect the right of parties when a similar urgency would arise; The present does not appear to me to be such. The application will therefore be overruled.
WABASH, ST. L. & P. Ry. 00. v. CENTRAL TRUST Co. OF NEW YORK and others. CENTRAL TRUST Co. OF NEW YORK and another v. & P. Ry. Co. WABA.SH,
ST. L.
(Ct'rcuit (Jo'Urt, N. D. Ohio, W. D. June Term, 1884.) L RAILROAD MORTGAGES-FORECLOBURE-"POOLING" SECURITIES.
Creditors Becured by the same mortgage and placed upon the same footing have a common interest in the security, and combinations for their common protection may he formed and executed ; but there is no community, but a repugnance,of interests between parties claiming under many different mort· gages, and the court will not pass a decree foreclosing all the securities and ordering a sale of the property as an entirety. Prior mortgagees are not, as a general rule. necessary parties to a suit to foreclose a prior mortgage.
2.
SAHE-NECESBARY PARTIES.
Original, Cross, and Amended Bills. Wager Swayne, for complainant. Butler, Stillman c/; Hubbard, for Trust Company. BAXTER, J. The bill of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company, filed in this court, is ancillary to and in aid of a bill filed by it on the twenty-seventh of May, 1884, in the circuit court of the United States for the Eastern district of Missouri. From the allegations thereof it appears that the complainant was, at the commencement of the suit to which this is ancillary, the owner of a number of milroadsdenominated "The Wabash System," extending across the states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, and into the states of Ohio, Michigan, and Iowa, constructed by other corporations created for' the purpose, and which were, before complainaut's acquisition of title thereto, severally incumbered with ane or more mortgages made to secure the payment of large amounts of bonds issued by said respective corporations; and the bonds so issued and secured, or most of them, are now outstanding and unpaid in the hands of bonafide holders. After complainant's acquisition of title to said roads, to·wit, June 1, 1880, it executed what is termed the "general mortgage," in and by which it conveyed its franchise. roads,and other appurtenant property to the Central Trust Company, of New York, and James Cheney, of Indiana, to secure $50,000,000 of bonds which it proposed to issue.· But by the express terms of said instrumeut it was made