EELLS ". ROBS.
417
It is, however, claimed by Gregory, and by the appellees other than Butterfield, that the proceedings in the court below touching Butterfield have left him no standing as defendant in the original bill, and that the merits of that bill can be disposed of without consideration of the cross bill. There sometimes are cases where the appellate trio bunal easily perceives that a partial transcript is sufficient, and can safely hear an appeal on that. But clearly this matter is too involved to permit the court to assume to foresee what its phases are, and the reference to the cross bill in the final decree, already referred to, enforces this proposition. We cannot proceed unless some one brings the whole record before us. As it is apparent this case needs speedy action, we avail ourselves of the privilege given by Railroad Co. v. Schulte, 100 U. S. 644, cited in Nashua & L. R. Corp. v. Boston & L. R. Corp., ubi supra, of announcing in advance a purpose to dismiss unless a full transcript is filed, rather than await the usual and less expeditious remedy by certiorari. The question remains, to whom shall we first apply whatever order we may make? We have 110 power to compel any party to bring up a record by a direct order to that effect, unless the issue of a writ of certiorari can be construed as the exercise of such power. We have, however, an inherent power to dismiss unless a proper transcript is filed, which may be exercised under the rules or specially. But both Gregory and Butterfield are appellants, and in what order of priority as between them shall this power be exercised? Gregory was the complainant in the original bill, and so set the litigation in motion; and when such a complainant becomes appellant the usage is to look first to him for the record. If he elects not to file it, and his appeal is dismissed in consequence thereof, it will be in season to consider the fate of other appeals, in case the appellants therein make like default when their appeals are called for argument, if no earlier occasion for such consideration arises. Ordered, that appellant Gregory file as soon as practicable a transcript of all parts of the record in the circuit court, including the cross bill of Butterfield, and all proceedings and proofs thereon, not included in the transcript already filed, and cause the same to be forthwith thereafter printed under the rule, on peril of this appeal being dismissed. EELLS et al. v. ROSS. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. October 10, 1894.) No. 143. INDIANS - PUYALLUP RESERVATION - ALLOTMENT OF LAND IN SEVERALTYMAKING INDIANS CITIZENS-EFFECT.
A treaty with the Indians of the Puyallup reservation allotted the lands in severalty, and provided that the privilege of allotment could only be availed of by persons who would "locate on tbe same as a permanent home," and authorized the president to prescribe such rules as would insure to the family, in case of the death of its head, possession of such home; to issue a patent to such person or family; and to cancel it, if Issued, If such person or family "rove from place to place," etc. Each patent issued prohibited alienation. Act Congo Feb. 8, 1887 (24 Stat. Co
v.64F.no.4-27
4181, land!!! 0H
vol. 64.
Indians, and. provided, fO,r leasin,g. the under regulations of the secretary of, the 'agents shall be in charge of reservatlons; and· 'the ip1'ltGtlce of the de};)titttnel1't was to malntalnsuch agents. Hdll, of sucJ)'llltl1lls in severalty, and making the Indians not· revoke, tl!:e"
l.:lW·..
Appelltlfroln the Circuit Court of the United 8tlttesfor the Dis· trictof 'Washington, Nol'the:rn Division. . BUlby' Frank C. Ross. agltinst Edwin Eells, Indian agent, and others,' oftlcers' of the United States' army, for an .injunction restraining defendatitsfrom interfering' with the building of a railroad across lands :Within the Puyallup Indian reservation which have been allotted fu'Indians in severalty. From a jUdgment and decree for com· plainant, 'defendants appeal; Reversed.. For prior report, see 56 Fed. 855. appeal from a judgment and decree of the circuit court of the United States for the distrIct of Washington, Northern division, granting a perpetuall.njunction again$t the defendants to prevent them from restraining u railroad over certain lands claimed to be within the limits of the Puyallup Indian reservation, and allotted in severaltY to '6ertain Indians named 'in the bill. The OOSJ\!I'ls presented for '·our consideration upon the pleadings and an agreed s.tll<tement of as agreed to are as follt;lws: (1) .and $115i(' Cook. who are name.d in the blll of complaint,arid,' of them, are ,Qf Indian birth, and were formerly of the Puyallup tribe \)fIndians, Hvlng In the Puyallup valley and neighborhood, which Is now embraced' within the boundaries of the state of Washington. (2) Thattn$ya!1l the same John COok and Susie Cook named in a patent dated the pOthl1lliY of Janua,ry.,1886, signed by Grover Cleveland, president of the United States, a copy of which patent, marked "Exhibit A," Is attached to and made a part of thii! stipulation, and were, at and prior to the date of said patent, husband and wife. (3) That under and by virtue, of the sixth section of an act of congress en.the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians titled, "An act to provide of the various teservatlons and to extend equ/l;lprotection of the laws of the United States and the territories over the Indians, and for other purposes," approved February 8. 1887,be:ng chapter 119 of volume 24 of the Statutes at Large, the.l\4ld JQhn Cook and Susie Cook, his wife, were made citizens of the United States, and are I:OW citizens thereof. (4) '.rhat said Jolin Cook Ilnd Susie Cook executed and delivered to the plaintitr, Fra.nk C. Ross, prior to the filing of the complaint In this cause, an Instrument in writing In words and figures following, to wit: "Permission is hereby given to Frank C. Ross to go upon and occupy any portion of lot one in section 21, township 21 north, range east 'W. M., King county, state of Washington, with his tents, camps, etc., for the period of six months from the date hereof, in consideration of the sum of one dollar per month. his "[Signed] John X Cook. mark. her "Susie X Cook. mark. "Dated April 15, 1893. "Witness: '''P. C. Stanup. "A, Kautz." (5) That at and prior to the filing of said complaint, and prior to the time it is: therein averred that defendants ordered. the plai:ntitr to vacate the prem-
.' "EEtr,s V. ROSS.
'419
lses described in said wtiting;and threatened to compel him so to do ifhe refused, the said plaintiff, .undl!r thet Permission therein contained, had gone upon said premises. and wasoCCl1Pying the same with tents, camps, etc., thereon. , (6) That on the 4th day of March; 1893, the plaintiff and the said John Cook and Susie Cook, his wife, entered into the written and printed contract, a copy whereof is hereunto attached, marked "Exhibit B," and made a part of this stipulation. (7) That thereafter, and prior to the filing of the complaint in this action, and Drior to the orders and threats made by the defendants as in the complaint stated, the plaintiff had. under claims of right so to do as granted in said contract. Exhibit B, gone upon said premises, and was by the aid of his engineers and divers laborers, the latter being of Indian birth, and former members of said Puyallup tribe, engaged in locating and clearing. the right of way for a railroad upon, over, and across said premises. (8) That on the 15th day of May, 1893, and prior to the hour at which the order in this cause was granted, and prior to the filing of the complaint in said cause, the defendants Edwin I<Jells and G. A. Carpenter, with a force of armed men, went upon said premises described in t4e said contract for right of way, to wit, lot 1 in section 21, township 21 No, range 3 E. W. Mo. in King county, state of Washington, and by force and arms endeavored to compel the said laborers and engineers to qUit said premises, and to desist from establishing and preparing said right of way for grading and the grade of said line of rallroad. . (9) That the defendant Edwin Eells is an agent of the United States in charge of certain Indian reservations in the state of Washington; but whether he has any rights to act as such in reference to the Indians constituting what was formerly the Puyallup tribe is not conceded or denied by this stipUlation, but is left to be decided by the court, upon the facts that may be proved in relation thereto, and the law applicable thereto, as the same shall be found by the cor.rto (10) That the other defendants are commissioned officers in the United States army,' and the men who were under their control and constituted the force .heretofore stated are lJoncommissioned officers and privates of the United States army, and all were acting under orders of the president of the United States. (Section 11 erased.) (12) That the said Indiws, ircluding the said John Cook, are assessed and taxed as other citizens of the state on all property owned by them, except their said lands, which as yet have never been assessed for taxation, (13) By act of congress approved March 3, 1893, the congress has undertaken to provide a method for the sale of these lands.
William H. Brinker, for appellants. F. Campbell, for appellee. Before McKENNA and GILBERT, Circuit Judges, and HAWLEY. District Judge. ' McKENNA, Circuit Judge (after stating the facts as above). We do not consider it necessary to consider or decide all the propositions argued. If the land was an Indian reservation, the agents had a right to remove all persons found there contrary to law. Rev. St. § 2147. See, also, Rev. St. §§ 2118, 2149. It is not disputed that the lands are a part of those set apart the Puyallup reservation, and that the reservation has not been directly revoked; but it is contended that the allotment of the lands in severalty, and afterwards making the Indians citizens, necessarily had the effect to revoke the reservation. There is plausibility in the argument, and it needs to be carefully considered. It is clear that the allotment alone could not have
as
J2p
J'EDERA L
this e1tect(TheKansas Indians,. 5 Wall. 737), and citizenship can only haveiit if citizenship is,inconsistentwith the eXistence of a reserva· tion.. '!ttis not necessarily so. 'Some of the restraints of a reservation may be. with rights of citizens. The advantages of a reservation are not; and if, to secure the latter to the Indians, others not indians 'are excluded, it is not clear what right they have to complain. The act of 1887, which confers citizenship, clearly does not emancipate the Indians from all control, or abolish the resel'V'a· tions. Section 3 provides for leasing lands under certain contingencies, under the regulations of the secretary of the interior, and the proviso of the section c()ntemplates agents in charge of the reservations. Besides, the practice of the <department has been and is to maintain them,and this practice is respectable evidence of a correct interpretation' of the statute' by officers who may have suggested the policy llnd written the provisions of the statute. Railroad Co. v. Whit· ney, S. 357, 366, 10 Sup. Ct. 112; Sturr v. Beck, 133 U. S. 548, 10 Sup. Ot. S50.That the abolition 6£ reservations and of the guard· ianship i 01' the Indians is the ultimate' hope of the policy, there can be nodotibt; but it will not be soonest realized by attributing fanciful qualities to the Indians, or by supposing that their natures can be changed by legislative enactment. But the appellees claim contracts witbthe Indians, and a right to occupy the land, and the circuit. COllrtheld that the government, by making the Indian proprietors citizens, lost the. ,power "to coerce such Indians into making or annulling contracts, or of molesting persons upon their premises by their license, when not interfering with the operations of the government, Or violating any national law." And the court further held that by the issuance of the, patent "the government lost entirely the right to control the use of the land." The patent has clear words of prohibition against alienation, and, even if it had omitted them, the treaties and law imposed them. Taylor v. Brown (Dak.) 40 N. W. 527. The power of the government to impose the restraints is not questioned, and its purpose is certainly not ambiguous. The treaties with the Indians; the allotment of the land in severalty,-all had their purpose of fixing them in permanent homes. By article 6 of the treaty, the privilege of allotment can only be availed of by those who will "locate on the same as a permanent home," and the purpose is so careful, insistent, and dominant that the president is given power to"Prescribe such rules and regulatlonsas wlll insure to the family in the case of the death of the head thereof the possession and enjoyment of such perma· nent home and he may issue a patent only to such person or family who has made a for a perIllanent home and if issued maY' cancel it if such person or family. 'rove from place to place,' and the tract may be declared family." abandoned and thereafter assigned to some other person
.or
F.l1om its, relations to the title, and from the terms of the treaty, we think the government had the power to make such conditions, and that they were not destroyed by making the Indians citizens. Such effect Cll;IlD.ot be deduced from the act of 1887, for, if congress could do 80, congress did explicitly clog the title with a condition of nonalienation for 25 years, and absolutely nullified all contracts made, touching the same, before the expiration of such time.
PACIFIC GAS IMP. CO.
v.
ELLERT.
421
In Smythe v. Henry,41 Fed. 705, a statute which granted land to the Oherokee chief Junaluska, with restraint upon its alienation, and .also made him a citizen of the United States, was considered, and it was held that a restraint against alienation was not inconsistent with the grant of citizenship. The court said: "It is insisted that the J:estriction imposed upon the J:ights of alienation by the second section of the act is inconsistent with the spirit and purpose of the fiJ:st section, which upon Junaluska all the J:ights, pJ:ivileges, and immunities of citizenship. When a state conveys land as a bounty, It can impose any J:estJ:iction deemed propel' upon the grantee. When we consider the condition of that new citizen, we may well conclude that the restriction was not unJ:easonable, but was, ratheJ:, just, wise, and beneficent."
And it was held in Be Ooombs, 127 Mass. 278, that it was competent for the legislature to continue the guardianship of Indians by the state after they had been made citizens. It follows, therefore, that the contracts of complainant with the Indians were void, and that he was properly removed from the reser· vation. We have not distinguished between the lease and the con· tract to convey, as we deem them parts of one transaction. If it is for the interest of the Indians or of commerce to remove the restraints on alienation, congress will no doubt do so, if applied to, and in the lat· ter case it will be enabled to provide for the interests of the Indians better than they have seemed to have provided for themselves in the contract with appellee. Judgment reversed, and cause remanded, with directions to dismiss the bill.
PACIFIC GAS IMP. 00. v. ELLERT, Mayor, et al (Circuit Court, N. D. California. October 15, 1894.)
i.
8.
4. 5.
The provision in the act of admission of Califomia into the Union, that all the navigable waters in the state should be common highways, and fOJ:ever fJ:ee, without tax theJ:efoJ:, does not refer to physical obstructions, but to political regulations. Bridge Co. v. Hatch, 8 S. Ct 811, 125 U. S. 1, followed. CIRCUIT COURTs-JURISDICTION-FEDERAL QUESTION. Under Act Aug. 13, 1888, giving circuit courts original jurisdiction of suits "arising under the constitution or laws of the United States," plaintiff's statement of his cause of action must show that he relies on some right under such constitution or laws, and a suggestion in his bill that defendant will claim that acts relied on by plaintiff violate the constitution of the United States cannot give jurisdiction. Tennessee v. Union & Planter's Bank, 14 S. Ct. 654, 152 U. S. 454, followed. SAME-TAKING PROPERTY WITHOUT PROCESS. Const. 14th Amend., prohibiting a state from depriving a person of property without due process of law, applies to an act of any person by virtue of public position under a state government. TIDE LANDS-DISPOSITION BY STATE-RIPARIAN RIGHTS. A state, if its laws permit, may dispose of its tide lands tree from any easement of the upland owner. SAME. The laws of Callfornia, as decided by its supreme court, allow it to make such disposition.