BOSE'. HIRSH.
881
we have seen, construed it so broadly as to include all embraced in patent 456,122, and consequently held it to anticipate that patent. We think it should justly be construed to cover the respondent's device, except as respects the attachment of the nonoperating ends of the cable to the car. As we have seen, Reynolds and his assignee so construed it as to excl ude this arrangement; and they should be held to that construction. With this exception we regard the difference between the respondent's device and that of the complainant, as immaterial; they are seeming rather than actual; whether so made to evade Reynolds' patent need not be considered. The decree must th('refore be modified to the extent indicated and the recol'd remanded to the circuit court for further Pl'OCl::l::WllgS.
ROSE v. HIRSH et a1. (Clr('ult Court, E. D. Pennsylvania. No. 58. January 24, 18!JG.)
L
EQUITY PLEADING-PATENT IN'1'RTNGEMENT SUTTs-MUI:rrFARTOUSNESS.
A single suit upon two patents is not multifarious, wben tbe subJect-matters are capable of conjoint use, and are In fact conjointly used. There Is no irivention In applying an old form of metal tube to tbe new use of forming the supporting rod or stick of an umbrella or parasol.
S.
PATENTS-INVENTION.
8. SAME-INFRINGEMENT.
A claim for an umbrella case consisting of a slltted If':lther tUbe bavlng an internal socket at its lower end to receive the projpetlng end of the umbrella stick, and a ferrule applied to the lower end of the ease, is not infringed by a case whieh has no internal socket, but in whieh the desired result of filling out the lower end of the case so as to give it the appearance of a walking sti('k is attained by placing a "false tip" upon the projecting end of the umbrella stick. Rose paterit, Ko. 504,944, for Improvements in umbrella sticks, is void as to both Its claiDis, for want of Invention. The Rose patent, No. 504.1l45, for an Improvement In umbrella. cases, construed, and held not, Infringed.
4. 5.
SAME-UMRREI;LA CASES.
SAME.
This was a bill in, equity by John Rose ag:ainst HirRh & Bros. for alleged infringement of two patents for improvl::ments in umbrellas. Henry :E·. Everding:,for complainant. Strawbridge & Taylor, for defendants. CircnitJudge. The defendants are rbarjr('d witb infringein'ent of two patenJs which were issued to plaintiff upon Septemller 12, .1893. T,heir SUbject-matters are capable of conjoint use, and are in fact conjointly used. Theref()re this single suit for the infringement of both of them is not multifadous, buUt illueceslil!iry to consider,thePl separately. , .. , . . .' ....71F.no.6-56
882
FEDEBALREPOBTEBf vol.
71.
Those involved in this case
"(1) A tubUlar metal stick for umbrellas or parasols, said stick being drawn down near one end so that the tUbular end portion of the stick is reduced in diameter and in thickness, as compared with the body of the stick, substantially as specified. "(2) The combination of the tubular metal stick, drawn down near one end so that the tubular end portion of the stick is of iess diameter than the body, With the notch applied to said reduced tubular portion of the stick, and the ribs hung to the notch and fitted snugly against the enlarged body of the stick, substantially as specified."
It may, upon the proofs, be confidently said that metal tubes were old, that drawing them down at one end was not new, and that the ordinary and probably inevitable result of that operation has always been to reduce their diameter, and incidentally to thicken the walls of the reduced portion. Consequently, if there was patentable novelty in the device of the first claim, it must have been due to the use or adaptation of 'such a tube for an umbrella stick. Irrespective of the several patents which have been adduced by the defendants, which it is not necessary to consider, it may be assumed, without so deciding, that the specific metal tubes described in the patent were first applied to umbrellas or parasols 1:1y the patentee. But conceding that fhe idea of so applying them was his, and was a good one, still, in carrying it out, he invented nothing. All that he did was to transfer a well·known thing from other branches of industry. It is true that those other industries are not analogous to umbrella making, but it is also true that, at least as to some of the instances testified to, metallic tubes were commercially well known which were substantially identical with those of the patent, and which required not even the exercise of mechanical ingenuity to adapt them to the new use. This claim, being essentially for a form of metal tube which was old, is not aided by calling that tube a "stick," and by suggesting its employment as the supporting rod of an umbrella or parasol. The second claim fans .with the first.. ,The complainant's brief admits that, "if claim 1 is invalid, then claim 2, of necessity,is void." . 2. Of patent No. 504,945, the only claim in question is as follows: "(1) .The within-des,cribed umbrella case, the same consisting of a tube of leather 'sutted and prOVided with fastening devices at the upper end, and havIng at the lower end an Internal socket extending throughout the length of the projecting end of the umbrella stick, and fitting snugly thereto, and a ferrule applied to the lower end of said stick, SUbstantially as specified."
. Umbrella cases, consisting of a tube of leather slitted and provided with fastenings at the upper end, were unquestionably old. The only novel feature of the device claimed is its internal socket; and this, without according to the claim a breadth of construction to which iUs not entitled, the defendants cannot be found to have appropriated:: . The statement that there is "a ferrule applied to the lower end of: said stick," is, in the absence of explanation, meaningless. Upon the argument the learned counsel for the complainant
BOSB
e.
HIRSH.
883
suggested that there should be substituted for the language used, the words, "and, in addition to a ferrule on the stick, a ferrule on the case." Nothing, however, respecting an umbrella stick, can thus be imported into a claim for an umbrella case. Still, I do think it fair, and perhaps .uot inadmissible, to substitute for the word "stick" the word "case"; and the phrase will accordingly be so read, in order to render it, with the least possible change, consistent with the context, and expressive of the manifest intent of the draftsman. We have, then, a socket at the lower end of the case, which is described as being internal, and extending throughout the length of the projecting end of the umbrella stick, and fitting snugly thereto, and as having a ferrule applied to the lower end of said case. Such is the complainant's device. The respondents' contrivance is different, in that it does not at all consist of a socket within the case. They place a "false tip" upon the projecting end of their umbrella stick, and by so doing they render any socket within the case unnecessary. The plaintiff's socket in the case, and the defendants' false tip to the umbrella, attain the same end. They both cause the lower end of the case, when it is in use, to be completely filled, and so to have, as a whole, the desired appearance of a walking stick, but the means employed are not identical. The patented arrangement provides for uniformity of outline where the diameter of the protruding end of the umbrella stick is less than that of the leather cover, but by the alleged infringement that result is accomplished by making the end of the stick of the umbrella itself so large as to fiJI a cover which is not provided with any socket whatever. In short, the defendants do not need the plaintiff's case. One of the old style answers their purpose, and they use no other. It is possible that, if false tips had never before been used, the defendants' resort to them might have justified the imputation that their employment amounted to nothing but a mere reversal of parts, and an attempt to avoid responsibility for infringement by changing the form, while still adopting the principle, of a patented invention; but the evidence respecting the prior state of the art requires that Rose should be limited, as against these defendants, to the specifio construction which he has described and claimed. False tips were well known long before his patent was issued, and it did not, and could not, confer upon him any right to prevent their use by a.ny one, though they should be made of such size and shape as to conform them to the contour of an ordinary umbrella case. The bill is dismissed. with costs.
884
FEDERAL REPORTER,'Vol.
AMERICAN BOX MACH. CO. v. WILSON PAPER BOX MACH. CO. SAME v. ECONOMY METAL EDGE BOX CO. SAME v. PICTORIAL PRINTING CO.. SAME v. DANH.I!lI8.1!lR. SAME v. ARNOLD.
(Circuit Court, N. D. Illinois. Jan. 27,
to
PATENTS FOR
a.
Letters patent No. 244,9l\}, issued Jul) 26, 181)1, to Gordon Munro, for Improvements in maGhines for covering pasteboard boxes with paper, in which the paper Is taken from a roll or coil and passed over a roller resting In a paste box,and over or under other rollers to a box resting upon a form adapted to revolve, are not void for want of novelty. :Box Co. v. Wilson, 50 Fed. 425, followed. Said patent is not infringed by devices which do not use the alternate deflections of l'ltrip of paper bY means of rollers between the paste box and the construction frame,· and do not support the strip in mid-air, after the manner of the patented machine. .,-
MACHINE.
SAME-INFRINGEMENT.
In Equity. . Suits by the American Box Machine Oompany against the Wilson Paper Box· Machinery Company and others to restrain the alleged infringement· of .letters patent. Wetmore & Jenner and R. H. for complainant. Charles C; Buckley, for defendant$. . .. GROSS9Uf" District Judge. In this case the several defendants are charged with the. infringement of letters patent 244,919, dated July 26, 1881,:to Gordon Munro, for Ii box machine. "Tp.e scope of the invention," says Blodgett, in his opinion \.Box Co. v. Wilson, 50.Fed. 42;'», "covered by the patent, is stated ,by the paten: tee, in his specifiCations, as follows: 'l\fy inveption relates to improvements itt machines fol' covering vasteboard boxes:with paper, in which the paper is tal-:en from a rbl} or coil, and _passed over a f:pllers, toa roller resting in a paste lloJf' and ol;eI; or under box resting upon a form adapted to teyplve; and the objects of my improvements-.are to produce lin ine;xpensive machine, in which the of paste received on the can the paste or glue retailfed in a warm or hl)t state, and tpe de1,ivery of the paper from the coil is .adJustably Dispensing the Jetters of reference, the macl1ine de!,!cribed in and covered by the patent consists of a frame upon which is moun,ted a spindle for carrying a roll of paper; a paste box, through which the ribbon of paper, as it is unwound from the roll, passes; and a guide roll for guiding the paper, as it is delivered from the paste box, to the box which is to be covered." One of the chief functions of the invention is stated by the patentee as follows: By bending the strip of paper, D, first in one direction over the roll, L, and then in the opposite direction. under the roller, M, and again over the roller, N, the damp paper becomes 'tempered,' and can be laid very smoothly upon