NEWARK CITY ICE CO. fl. FISHER.
427
NEWARK CITY ICE CO. v. FISHER. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Third Circuit. October 23, 1896.) No. 28. CONTRACT OF SALE-DAMAGES FOR BREACH.
The measure of damages for refusing to accept and, pay for the subject of a contract of sale is the difference between the contract price and the market value at the time when it should have been accepted, less expenses which the seller was saved by such refusal.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey. This was an action by Fred S. Fisher against the Newark City Ice Company for breach of contract for the sale of ice. In the circuit court judgment was given for defendant, and the plaintiff appealed. That judgment was reversed and the case sent back to the circuit court for assessment of damages. 10 C. C. A. 546, 62 Fed. 569. From such assessment defendant brings error. R. V. Lindabury and John O. H. Pitney, for plaintiff in error. Roger Foster, for defendant in error. Before DALLAS, Circuit Judge, and BUTLER and WALES, District Judges. BUTLER, District Judge. This is the second time this case has been here. On the first, two questions were involved: Is the ice company liable? If it is, for how much? We disagreed with the circuit court respecting the first; and being without sufficient evidence to determine the second, we sent the case back, with directions to hear further testimony and ascertain the damages, in accordance with suggestions then made. It is now here on alleged errors committed in ascertaining the damages. The assignments are numerous; but we deem it unnecessary to discuss them. They, all relate to the measure of damages applied. It is sufficient to '$ay that none of them can be sustained. The measure is in strict accordance with our former suggestions. We then believed it to be right, and we believe so still. The plaintiff's loss by the defendant's failure to accept and pay for the ice, was the loss of such profits as he would have realized if the ice had been accepted and paid for; and these profits consist of the difference between the contract price and the value of the ice in the market at the time when it should have been accepted-less the cost of loading, which the plaintiff was saved by the refusal to accept. That the plaintiff had the ice ready for delivery was decided when the case was first here. Whether he had it in actual possession or under control by contract with others, is unimportant. In the latter contingency the nature of the contract does not concern the defendant; presumably the plaintiff was required to take the ice or respond in damages, as the defendant is being required to do for its failure to take. We fully agree with the circuit court in its response to the defendant's requests to find, on which the alleged errors are principally founded, and need not add anything to what is there said in vindication of its rulings. The judgment is affirmed.
428
76 FEDERAL REPORTER.
PEARSOL et al. v. MAXWELL et 0.1. (Olrcult Oourt of Appeals, Third Oircuit. October 5, 1896.) No.1, Sept. Term, 1896. WILLS-:T;IIlCHNICAL WORDS-!NTENT"--,'PRESUMPTION.
. Testator devised a certain estate, "to have and to hold to the said E. and the ,heirs of her body," followed by a provision that, if any of the children of E. should marry into a certain family, the share of the chila or children so marrying should go to the other children. Held, (1) that E. took an estate tail, the presumption being that the words were used in their technical sense; (2) that the proviso as to the children did not present such an unequivocal intent to limit E. to a life interest as to rebut such presumption. 68 Fed. 513, affirmed.
In Err.or to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western of Pennsylvania. Edward Oampbell, for plaintiffs in error. William G. Guiles, for defendants in error. Before. DALLAS, Circuit Judge, and BUTLER and WALES, District Judges. DALLAS, Circuit Judge. The case of the plaintiffs in error rests upon their contention that by the will of Samuel N. Crawford there was vested in the children of Edith Pearsol an estate in remainder in the land indisplite upon determination of an estate for life in the said Edith Pea-rsol; but the conclusive answer to this contention is that the estate devised to Edith Pearsol is an estate of inheritance, and not' for life only, and that no interest or estate whatever was de· vised to her children. The quantity of the estate which Edith Pear· sol.was t9 take was defined by the words, "to have and to hold to the said EdithrPearsol and the heirs of her body," and that these words, if alone considered, created an estate tail, is hornbook law.' The learned counsel. for the plaintiffs has, however, strenuously insisted that the legal significance of technical words will not prevail against the true intent of a testator asdisclosediby his entire will, and eflpecially by its latest dispositions, which, when in conflict with any preceding part of it, are to be given controlIingeffect. These general princorrectly understood and rightly ciples need not be applied, they are unquestionable,-but they are not determinative of the present controversy, for the reason that, even in a will, the presumption is that technical words have been used in their technical sense, and this presumption cannot be rebutted otherwise than by showing an unequivocally expressed inteIj.t to use them in some other sense. The only dispositive provision of Samuel N. Crawford's will affecting this land devises an estate tail to Edith Pearsol, and we are asked to infer or imply an inconsistent devise to her children because the testator, towards the end of his will, declared that none of the family of his uncle, Joseph Crawford, should receive any bene· fit from his (testator's) estate, and more especially because the devise to Edith Pearsol is followed by these ,vords: "Provided, however, that the children of the said Edith Pearsol do not marry or be given in marriage to any of the children of my uncle Joseph