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1 N.C. 49

Constable v. Clovery

Decided July 1, 1793

COVENANT, viz. the plaintiff freighted his vessel to the defendant, and by a charter party indented, he covenanted with the defendant and A. that his vessel would fail with the first fair wind for Cadiz. And the defendant and A. jointly and severally covenanted with the plaintiff that if the vessel should go the intended voyage, and return to the Downs, he should have from them, so much for the freight; but in case she went to Amsterdam, they would pay him so much more.

Decided 1793-07-01

Doderidge, J. and Jones, J.

¶1It is according to the covenant, and it is well—

¶24. The covenant is by three jointly and severally, that they pay, and the breach is assigned that the defendant did not pay; he ought to have gone farther and say, nor any of the others.

¶3Curia. The distinction is, that when the action is brought against all, the non payment of all shall be alledged. But where the suit is against one only, it is sufficient to say, that he did not pay. And if any one has paid, it is proper for the defendant to plead it. It is the same when two are bound jointly and severally; in a suit against one, it is sufficient to say he did not pay otherwise when against both.

¶4And Davenport (the King’s attorney) took another exception. There the declaration is, that it was covenanted inter partes predictus, per indenturam fact, tali die: but he does not say that it was covenanted, *agreed, or witnessed that he would sail with the first wind.

¶5And, after argument, it was adjudged for the plaintiff. Antea, p. 12. Poph. 161. Bendl. 146. Noy 75. Palm. 397.

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