United States v. Lewis’s Empirical Analysis
10 F.3d 1086 · 1993
Citation profile
52 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 103 later decisions — most recently November 2025 · most notably United States v. Francis (1999), United States v. Riascos-Suarez (1996)
52 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 3553 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1863
Relies on United States v. Olano · Duren v. Missouri · Green v. United States · Carstea v. Poplar Tree Homeowners Ass'n · Pledger v. Medlock
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 103 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“is to be applied 'sparingly' and saves only 'particularly egregious errors' in those circumstances 'in which a miscarriage of justice would otherwise result.' " Id. (citation omitted). 25 Improper vouching occurs when "the prosecutor's actions are such that a jury could reasonably believe that the prosecutor was indicating a personal belief in the credibility of the witness.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“explicit personal assurances that a witness is trustworthy or implicitly bolster the witness by indicating that information not presented to the jury supports the testimony.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“right to explain its procedures and the relationship between the Government and its witnesses.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.