10 U.S.C. § 933
Section 933 · Art. 133. Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman
Amended 2 times on record
Applied in 242 court decisions — leading case Department of the Air Force v. Rose (1976)
Most recently applied in United States v. Harrell (June 2016)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 10 U.S.C. § 934 · 10 U.S.C. § 866 · 10 U.S.C. § 859
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Any commissioned officer, cadet, or midshipman who is convicted of conduct unbecoming an officer shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Historical and Revision Notes
Revised section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
933
50:727.
May 5, 1950, ch. 169, § 1 (Art. 133), 64 Stat. 142.
The word “commissioned” is inserted for clarity.
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2021—Pub. L. 117–81 struck out “and a gentleman” after “an officer” in section catchline and text.