¶1delivered the opinion of the court.
¶2Otto Meyer, spoken 'of in this record as Dr. Meyer, on the 19th of May, 1896, filed his bill, in the Law and Equity Court of the city of Richmond, against Lizzie H. Meyer, his wife, praying a divorce from the latter a mensa et toro, upon the ground of desertion. To this bill defendant made no answer, and the court, by its decree of May 23, 1896, granted the plain*229tiff tHe divorce, but made no disposition of the infant daughter of the parties, then but a little over a year old, leaving her in the care and custody of the mother. In September, 1896, by consent of parties, by counsel, the cause was reinstated upon the docket, and Dr. Meyer petitioned the court to grant him the permanent custody of the child.
¶3Numerous depositions were taken upon this question, and the court, by its decree of March 23, 1901, denied the prayer of the petition, and awarded the custody and care of the child to the mother. From this decree Dr. Meyer obtained an appeal to this court.
¶4The only evidence in the record tending to show that appellee was not a suitable person to have the custody of her child is found in the deposition of Dr. Meyer. To his competency as a witness, appellee strenuously objected, but we shall not consider the question, for the reason that, giving him the benefit of his deposition, the view that we take of the case is not changed.
¶5As was said by this court in Stringfellow v. Somerville, 95 Va. 701: “Ordinarily the father is entitled to the care and custody of his infant child, but when the father is claiming the custody of his child, the court will exercise its discretion according to the facts, and what appears to be best calculated to promote the infant’s welfare.”
¶6Again, it is said in Cariens v. Cariens, decided by the Supreme Court of West Virginia in November, 1901, 40 S. E. R. 335: “The law as to the custody of children has been greatly modified. Formerly the right of the father to its custody was almost an inflexible rule.......But civilization, advanced thought, and human kindness have bent this iron rule, and opened the ears of the courts to the pleading of the true friend and owner of the child. The courts do not, these days, inexorably take from mothers their children, of tender years, even for the father, if the mother is a fit person and has a home for *230them, but look at all the circumstances. The welfare of the child is the test.” See also 9 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law 1, (2d ed.), 867, and authorities there cited.
¶7It would not be of benefit to anyone for us to review in detail the evidence in the record. The learned judge of the Law and Equity Court has upon that evidence decreed that the welfare of the child requires that she be left in the custody and care of her mother; and, after a careful consideration of the record, we are unable to say that his conclusion is erroneous.
¶8The decree appealed from is affirmed.
¶9Affirmed.