Ikerd v. Blair’s Empirical Analysis
101 F.3d 430 · 1996
Citation profile
37 federal appellate · 1 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 102 later decisions — most recently May 2023 · most notably Leverette v. Louisville Ladder Co. (1999), Judith Bazan Victoria Rose Bazan Rose Marie Avalos v. Hidalgo County et al.
37 federal appellate · 1 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Graham v. Connor · Tennessee v. Garner · Hudson v. McMillian · The Boeing Company v. Daniel C. Shipman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 102 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he amount of injury necessary to satisfy our requirement of 'some injury' and establish a constitutional violation is directly related to the amount of force that is constitutionally permissible under the circumstances.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““[I]n the context of custodial interrogation, the use of nearly any amount of force may result in a constitutional violation when a suspect ‘poses no threat to the officers’ safety or that of others, and the suspect does not otherwise initiate action which would indicate to a reasonably prudent police officer that the use of force is justified.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“any " injury was "minor ", not de minimis. In any event, because the excessive force finding was otherwise clearly erroneous, we need not reach this subissue.) 26 Needless to say, "[t]he amount of force that is constitutionally permissible ... must be judged by the context in which that force is deployed.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.