majority">Hotchkiss, J.

This was an action to foreclose a mortgage. On March 5,1917, William T. Van Alstyne was appointed receiver of the rents and profits of the mortgaged property, and as such receiver took possession of and managed the property until October 31, 1917. During this period the receiver, as directed by the order of appointment, received the rents of the premises and paid the operating expenses. The receiver is now ready to file his report and to render an account of his proceedings and of the moneys received and paid out during the course of his receivership. Anticipating that the United States government might possibly make some claim against him for taxes *564under the Federal Income Tax Law, the receiver has communicated with the treasury department and has, by a series of letters, set forth all of the facts, as the result of which the receiver has been officially informed that in the opinion of the department he “is required to file a return showing the net income received * * * and will be obliged to pay the tax shown to be due by such return.” The receiver now petitions the court for instructions. The power to appoint a common-law receiver is a prerogative of a court of equity in aid of its jurisdiction, and by means of which the res is detained in custodia legis until in the orderly course of procedure the rights of the parties can be determined. Until interlocutory decretal order or final decree the title and interest of the parties in the res remains as before suit brought. The only purpose of the receivership is to secure the property or thing in controversy so as to preserve it from loss or destruction or waste, and that it may. be subjected to such order or decree as the court may subsequently make. The receiver in such a case is to be distinguished from a statutory receiver whose title and functions are prescribed by the statute under which he is appointed. Boonville Nat. Bank v. Blakey, 107 Fed. Repr. 891, 894. The receiver in such a case as the present is a mere custodian and manager of the property under the direction of the court. He is not a trustee for creditors; he has no title; he has no powers save such as are conferred by the order of. appointment. His possession is the possession of the court. He may pay out no money save as authorized by law or by the court which appointed him. The foregoing principles •are elementary in every common-law jurisdiction, and they are recognized in this state as well as in the federal courts. Keeney v. Home Ins. Co., 71 N. Y. 396; Davis v. Grey, 83 U. S. 203, 217. The moneys com*565ing into the hands of the receiver are not the avails of trade, commerce, investments, employment, occupation or service. They are not in any sense “income’’ within the meaning of the statute — at least so far as the receiver is concerned. When the receiver shall have accounted and the moneys remaining in his hands shall have been paid to the parties entitled thereto, doubtless these moneys will be taken into consideration by the recipients when malting their tax returns. In answer, therefore, to the petition of the receiver, he is instructed that he is under no duty to make any return to the treasury department of the moneys received by him and that he is not liable for any federal income tax upon such moneys. But to avoid any unnecessary controversy, and that respectful attention may be given to the communication of the treasury department, the court suggests that the receiver communicate further with the department, calling attention to these instructions.

Ordered accordingly.

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