102 Ohio App. 3d 585 - State v. Carlson’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
351 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 351 later decisions — most recently February 2026 · most notably City of Dayton v. Erickson (1996), State v. Batchili (2007)
351 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Illinois v. Gates · Florida v. Royer · Delaware v. Prouse · Berkemer v. McCarty
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 351 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'[i]n determining if an officer completed these tasks within a reasonable length of time, the court must evaluate the duration of the stop in light of the totality of the circumstances and consider whether the officer diligently conducted the investigation.'”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage“No further inquiry beyond the requirement of reasonable suspicion is necessary or warranted.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage“[O]nce a trained drug dog alerts to the odor of drugs from a lawfully detained vehicle, an officer has probable cause to search the vehicle for contraband.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.