United States v. Mitchell’s Empirical Analysis
104 F.3d 649 · 1997
Citation profile
64 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 161 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2023 · most notably Muscarello v. United States (1998), United States of America v. Juan Martinez (2002)
64 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on North Carolina v. Alford · Bailey v. United States · National Union Fire Insurance v. Helfand · Smith v. United States · Weissbrodt v. White Mountain Apache Tribe of Arizona
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 161 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime,”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A defendant actually possessing a firearm and conveying it on his person--either in his hand, his clothing, or in a satchel he is holding--during a drug transaction is perhaps the clearest example of a violation of the 'carry' prong of § 924(c)(1)”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]f a firearm is carried for protection or intimidation, it is carried 'in relation to' the drug trafficking offense....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.