Carver v. Dennis’s Empirical Analysis
104 F.3d 847 · 1997
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 49 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably Randall v. Scott (2010), Henderson v. Walled Lake Consolidated Schools (2006)
19 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Perry v. Sindermann · Connick v. Myers · Buckley v. Valeo
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 49 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[sjtated narrowly, the issue before us is whether Carver, a deputy county clerk who was an at-will employee in a two-person office — the other person being the county clerk herself — had a First Amendment right to run against the incumbent clerk in the next election and still retain her job.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he Supreme Court has long held that the Fourteenth Amendment makes the First Amendment applicable to the states,” including local government. Carver v. Dennis, 104 F.3d 847, 849 (6th Cir.1997) (citing Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652, 666 , 45 S.Ct. 625, 629-630 , 69 L.Ed. 1138 (1925)). In McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Com’n, 514 U.S. 334, 336 , 115 S.Ct. 1511, 1514 , 131 L.Ed.2d 426 (1995), Justice Stevens explained this principle as follows: The term”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he First Amendment does not create property or tenure rights, and does not guarantee absolute freedom of speech. The First Amendment’s guarantee of freedom of speech protects government employees from termination because of their speech on matters of public concern. To prevail, an employee must prove that the conduct at issue was eon- stitutionally protected, and that it was a substantial or motivating factor in the termination.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.