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104 Mass. 545

Commonwealth v. Cunningham

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court · decided 1870-03-15

<p>At the trial of a criminal case where the only question is as to the identity of the prisons! with the guilty party, the jury may be justified in returning a verdict of guilty, although no witness will swear positively to the identity.</p> <p>At a criminal trial, the counsel for the Commonwealth stated in his closing argument to the jury, that the defendant had been previously convicted of the same offence. ISTo evidence had been offered to support the statement; and the judge instructed the jury that it was not competent for their consideration. Held, that the defendant had no ground of exception.</p>

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1870-03-15

How this case has been cited

Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently August 1979 · most notably 14 Cal. 2d 693 - People v. Waller (1939), Commonwealth v. Devlin (1957)

29 state decisions — followed in 12 states

4018701880189019001910192019301940195019601970decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

Ames, J.

¶1The only question that appears to have been in controversy was whether the defendant was sufficiently identified as the person who committed the crime charged in the indictment. The general circumstances of the transaction were not in dispute. Upon this question of identity, the evidence offered was all of it competent, and proper for the consideration of the jury. It is impossible to say that it had no tendency to convict the defendant. Its sufficiency was to be estimated and weighed exclusively by them. It is not necessary that any one witness should distinctly swear that the defendant was the man, if the result of all the testimony, on comparison of all its details and particulars, should identify him as the offender. The principle which allows evidence to go to the jury necessarily involves a right, on their part, to believe it, and if its effect upon their minds should be to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond reasonable doubt, their verdict will be rendered accordingly.

¶2The course of argument on the part of the prosecuting officer, as exhibited by the bill of exceptions, appears to have been in some respects objectionable. Under such circumstances, it became the duty of the presiding judge to caution the jury to confine their attention to the legitimate evidence, and to try the case strictly upon its merits. The bill of exceptions shows that this duty was not overlooked, and -we have no reason to doubt that it was adequately performed. We are bound to presume that the jury appreciated and obeyed his instructions. Commonwealth v. Byce, 8 Gray, 461. Smith v. Whitman, 6 Allen, 562.

¶3 Exceptions overruiea.

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