In re Albert S.’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

2 federal appellate · 26 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “A police officer on active duty has legal authority to take certain actions toward and make certain demands of private citizens. Each citizen, in turn, is protected when accosted by a police officer by certain constitutional rights. Thus, we believe it imperative that a private security guard, who by the use of his or her police vehicle[ 5 ] and by the duties he or she undertakes to perform, has shifted his or her role and thereby acts as an agent for the State, must be mindful of his or her obligation to confer on those who come within the ambit of his or her law enforcement responsibilities all of the rights to which a citizen dealing with a police officer on active duty would be entitled. Stated otherwise, such an officer must be mindful that, when he or she acts under color of law while off-duty, he or she is subject to the Fourth Amendment and cannot circumvent the constitutional limitations on his or her conduct.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 192 Md. App. 85 - Harrod v. State

2. “[a] violation of § 400A is deemed to be a civil offense, [pursuant to] art. 27, § 403(a), and the maximum fine for a first-time offender is $500. Art. 27, § 403(f)(1). At the time of the arrest, [the arresting officer] did not have probable cause to believe that any other offense had been committed. Consequently, the officer could do nothing more than issue a citation, art. 27, § 408(b)(1), and the arrest at issue here was unlawful.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 141 Md. App. 610 - Lamb v. State