State v. Beard’s Empirical Analysis
1971
Citation profile
18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 18 later decisions — most recently December 1996
18 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Nye & Nissen v. United States · State v. Singleton · State v. Sorrell · State v. McDaniel · People v. Moore
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 18 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““All persons concerned in the commission of a particular crime, whether they directly commit the act or aid and abet in its commission, are guilty of the crime as principals. “Aiding and abetting means simply to assist in the commission of an act either by active participation in it or in some manner advising or encouraging it. Aiding and abetting requires some positive act in aid of the commission of the offense and an active force, physical or moral, joined with that of the perpetrator in producing it. However, knowledge that a crime is being committed even when coupled with presence at the scene is not by itself enough to show that the person having such knowledge was part of the crime. * * * * * * “For most crimes such as rape and kidnapping this—the State must prove that the defendant has done an act forbidden by law and that he intended to do it. It may be determined that the defendant intended to do the act if he did it voluntarily. The State does not have to prove that the defendant knew the act was forbidden by law. “However, for certain crimes such as kidnapping for rape, theft of a motor vehicle, temporary theft of a motor vehicle, robbery and grand theft from the person, the State must prove that the defendant committed the act with a specific intent. Unless the State proves that the defendant acted with the specific intent required the crime has not been committed. “Thus, in order to prove either the defendant [sic] guilty of the crime of kidnap for rape, the Sta”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Bailes“Sale of a narcotic drug has one element. The defendant must sell a substance he knows is a narcotic drug. In this connection, “sale” means selling for money, and also barter, exchange or gift, or an offer to do any of these things, whether the defendant is acting as a principal, a proprietor, an agent, a servant or employee. * * * * * * All persons concerned in the commission of a crime, whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense or aid and abet in its commission, or not being present have advised and encouraged its commission, are principals in the crime committed, and as such are equally guilty of such crime.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Price
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.