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108 Miss. 505

Gentry v. State

Mississippi Supreme Court

Decided October 15, 1914

Mississippi Supreme Court · decided 1914-10-15

Hon. W. H. Hughes, Judge. Paul Gentry was convicted of assault and battery and appeals. The facts are fully stated in the opinion of the Gourt. Appellant asked the court to instruct the jury for the defendant: “That the defendant at the outset of the trial is presumed to be an innocent man. He is not required to prove himself innocent or to put any evidence át all upon that subject.

Cited by 4 later decisions — most recently November 1995

4 state decisions

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“... an instruction as to reasonable doubt will not supply the place of an instruction as to presumption of innocence, when the latter is requested.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Stewart v. State

Relies on Wilkie v. Collins · Blalack v. State · Owens v. State

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1914-10-15

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

Cook, J.,

¶1delivered the opinion of the court.

¶2Appellant was indicted for an assault and battery with the intent to murder, and the jury returned a verdict finding him guilty of an assault and battery, and he appeals to this court.

¶3We think .there is no merit in any of the assignments ■of error, save one. The court was requested by defendant to instruct the jury as follows:

“The jury are instructed that the defendant at the ■outset of the trial is presumed to be an innocent man. He is not required to prove himself innocent or to put in any evidence at all upon that subject. In-considering iestimony in the case, you must look at the testimony, and view it in the light of that presumption which the law *508clothes the defendant with that he is innocent, and it is. a presumption that abides with him throughout the trial of the case until the evidence convinces you to the contrary, beyond all reasonable doubt, of his guilt. S

¶4Just here we will say that the defendant requested, very few instructions. This is not a case wherein the instructions requested or given for the defendant rehashes-in varying, terms the law by which the jury should be-guided in their deliberations upon the evidence in the-case.

¶5We think it proper to say that the evidence for the defendant, given by a number, of witnesses, if believed by the jury, or if they entertained a reasonable doubt as to-whether it was true or not, was of such a character as-to justify the defendant in doing what he did, on the-ground that he delivered the blow in self-defense, and. used no more force than was apparently necessary toprotéet himself from great bodily harm. In this state-of the record, the court denied him a valuable right when he refused to grant the instruction above set out. This-instruction has been more than once approved by this-court. Wilkie v. Collins, 48 Miss. 496; Owens v. State, 80 Miss. 499, 32 So. 152; Cook v. State, 85 Miss. 738, 38 So. 110; Blalack v. State, 79 Miss. 517, 31 So. 105.

¶6From the authorities it may be taken that an instruction as to reasonable doubt will not supply the place of an instruction as to presumption of innocence, when the latter is requested. Jones * Blue Book on Evidence, section 12b.

¶7Lord Gillies says in McKinley's Case, 33 How. State Trials:

“I am sorry to see, in this information, that the public prosecutor treats this too lightly. He seems to think that the law entertains no such presumption of innocence. I cannot listen to this. I conceive that this presumption is to be found in every code of law which has reasqm and religion and humanity for a foundation.”

¶8Reversed and remanded.

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