Jacobsen v. Howard’s Empirical Analysis
109 F.3d 1268 · 1997
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 7 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 24 later decisions — most recently September 2021
10 federal appellate · 7 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 23 U.S.C. § 111 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Broadrick v. Oklahoma · Grayned v. City of Rockford · United States v. O'Brien · Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n · Members of the City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 24 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the district court should have first considered the validity of the statutes as applied”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“compromise recognized First Amendment protections of parties not before the court.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“into a means of mounting gratuitous wholesale attacks upon state and federal laws.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.