110 N.C. App. 28 - Freese v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
1993
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 78 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 85 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably 172 N.C. App. 427 - Phelps-Dickson Builders, LLC v. Amerimann Partners (2005), Kaplan v. O.K. Technologies, L.L.C. (2009)
3 federal appellate · 78 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ragsdale v. Kennedy · Myers & Chapman v. Thomas G. Evans · Olivetti Corp. v. Ames Business Systems, Inc. · 52 N.C. App. 428 - Loy v. Lorm Corp. · Gaines v. Long Manufacturing Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 85 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a]n exception to this rule is that a controlling shareholder owes a fiduciary duty to minority shareholders.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“As a general rule, shareholders do not owe a fiduciary duty to each other or to the corporation.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“(a) that the defendant made a representation relating to some material past or existing fact; (b) that the representation was false; (c) that when he made it defendant knew it was false or made it recklessly without any knowledge of its truth and as a positive assertion; (d) that the defendant made the false representation with the intention that it should be acted on by the plaintiff; (e) that the plaintiff reasonably relied upon the representation and acted upon it; and (f) that the plaintiff suffered injury.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.