People v. Carvalho’s Empirical Analysis
1952
Citation profile
32 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently December 2010 · most notably 11 Cal. 3d 738 - People v. Thornton (1974), 21 Cal. 3d 562 - People v. Caudillo (1978)
32 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on People v. Newland · People v. Albertson · 18 Cal. App. 543 - People v. Haydon · People v. Lane · People v. Argentos
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““It is a cardinal and universally recognized rule that in a criminal prosecution an accused can be tried only for the offense which is charged against him in the indictment or information, and that evidence of collateral independent crimes is not admissible. The equally well recognized exceptions to this rule are clearly defined. ‘Evidence of other crimes may be admitted when it tends directly to establish the crime charged by proving a material fact, where it is part of the res gestae, or where it helps to disclose motive, intent, premedi tation, guilty knowledge, malice, or a common plan or scheme (20 Am.Jur., § 310 et seq., p. 289 et seq.; 22 C.J.S., § 683 et seq., p. 1089 et seq.; Wigmore on Evidence, vol. II, ch. XIII, p. 191 et seq.; Wharton’s Criminal Evidence, § 345 et seq., p. 487 et seq.; 8 Cal.Jur., § 168 et seq., p. 60 et seq.; 13 Cal.Jur., § 84 et seq., p. 703 et seq.) “ ‘The trial court, however, should be guided by the rule that such proof is to be received with ‘‘extreme caution,” and if its connection with the crime charged is not clearly perceived, the doubt is to be resolved in favor of the accused, instead of suffering the minds of the jurors to be prejudiced by an independent fact, carrying with it no proper evidence of the particular guilt. (People v. Lane (1893), 100 Cal. 379, 387-390 [ 34 P.2d 856 ] ; 13 Cal.Jur., § 84, p. 707; 8 Cal.Jur., § 168, p. 61) ’ (People v. Albertson, 23 Cal.2d 550, 576, 577 [ 145 P.2d 7 ].)” (See also People v. Channell, 136 ”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“[e]very person who forcibly steals, takes or arrests any person in this state, and carries him into another country, state, or county, or into another part of the same county, ... is guilty of kidnaping.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.