Baker v. Runyon’s Empirical Analysis
114 F.3d 668 · 1997
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 10 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions — most recently December 2020 · most notably Hildebrandt v. Illinois Department of Natural Resources (2003), Oden v. Oktibbeha County (2001)
16 federal appellate · 10 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Connecticut National Bank v. Germain · Federal Deposit Insurance v. Meyer · City of Newport v. Fact Concerts, Inc. · Loeffler v. Frank · Hughes v. Robbs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The Postal Service may be run in a manner similar to a private commercial entity, but it is not a private commercial entity. See ... Friedlander v. United States Postal Service, 658 F.Supp. 95, 101 (D.D.C.1987) (“Congress did not intend to create a private business, rather, it desired a more efficient government agency.”).... Congress may have vested the Postal Service with significant powers in order to increase its independence and autonomy, see Standard Oil [Div., Am. Oil Co. v. Starks ], 528 F.2d [201] at 202-03 (listing powers granted to the Postal Service), but it also provided that the Postal Service is part of the executive branch of government, that its employees are part of the federal civil service, and that it possesses certain powers unique to governmental entities, such as the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain in the name of the United States.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A complaining party may recover punitive damages ... against a respondent 0other than a government, government agency or political subdivision) if the complaining party demonstrates that the respondent engaged in a discriminatory practice or discriminatory practices with malice or with reckless indifference to the federally protected rights of an aggrieved individual. (Emphasis added).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“As is true of many other federal agencies, the Postal Service’s charter contains a “sue-and-be-sued” clause that permits the Postal Service to be sued. The presence of this clause, however, does little to advance [plaintiffs] argument. If anything, it supports the position of the Postmaster General. This waiver of sovereign immunity is necessary solely because the Postal Service is a government agency.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.