State v. Baca’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 42 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently July 2022 · most notably State v. NICK R. (2009), Commonwealth v. Adjutant (2005)
3 federal appellate · 42 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. United States · Energy Cooperative, Inc. v. Phillips Petroleum Co. · Mayers v. United States · Prudential Insurance Co. of America v. United States · Bagley v. IBP, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the defendant acted under unlawful and imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury, (2) the defendant did not find [herself] in a position that compelled [her] to violate the law due to [her] own recklessness, (3) [the defendant] had no reasonable legal alternative, and (4) [the defendant's] illegal conduct was directly caused by the threat of harm.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Ortiz · State v. Rios“Specifically, the elements of immediacy and reasonableness must be construed narrowly so that the high level of protection afforded by a statute [implicating] strict liability is not vitiated.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Ortiz“[w]e agree with the federal courts that 'the keystone of the analysis is that the defendant must have no alternative — either before or during the event — to avoid violating the law.’”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.