Putnam v. Ingraham’s Empirical Analysis
114 U.S. 57 · 1885
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 48 later decisions (11 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 1938 · most notably Starin v. Mayor Etc of the City of New York Independent Steam-Boat Co (1885), Wilson v. Oswego Tp (1894)
4 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The fact that Morgan has not answered, but is in default, is unimportant. The suit is still on joint causes of action, and the plaintiff, if he sustains the allegations of his complaint at the trial, will be entitled to a joint judgment against all the defendants. The default places the parties in no different position with reference to a removal than they would occupy if Morgan had answered, and set up an entirely different defense from that of the other defendants. A separate controversy is not introduced into the case by separate defenses to the same cause of action.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Hax v. Caspar
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.