Baker v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
115 F.2d 533 · 1940
Citation profile
87 federal appellate · 2 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 106 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2007 · most notably Pinkerton v. United States (1946), United States v. Bisceglia (1975)
87 federal appellate · 2 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 632
Relies on Durland v. United States · American School of Magnetic Healing v. McAnnulty · Kirby v. United States · United States v. Hardaway Young · American School of Magnetic Healing v. McAnnulty
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 106 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Counsel may make any argument which is based upon evidence or reasonable inferences therefrom and may reply to argument of opposing counsel, and in doing so may make statements which might otherwise be improper.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ ‘Where two or more persons jointly devise and execute a scheme to defraud by the use of the mails, they may thereby become in effect partners in the criminal purpose of so using the mails to defraud. If they do, the acts of each thereafter, during the existence and execution of the scheme, done in furtherance of that execution, may become the acts of all the partners, and each may be convicted of the mailing of a letter which one of his partners caused to be mailed in the execution of the scheme,’ ” Baker v. United States, 8 Cir., 115 F.2d 533 , 540, cert. den. 312 U.S. 692 , 61 S.Ct. 711 , 85 L.Ed. 1128 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A scheme to defraud is necessarily made up of numerous elements. No particular element need be proved if sufficient is shown to constitute the scheme to defraud.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.