Williams v. Babbitt’s Empirical Analysis
115 F.3d 657 · 1997
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 5 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 82 later decisions — most recently August 2020 · most notably Artichoke Joe's California Grand Casino v. Norton (2003), United States v. Deaton (2003)
46 federal appellate · 5 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 12 U.S.C. § 4702 · 16 U.S.C. § 1153 · 16 U.S.C. § 1371 (§ 101 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972) · 16 U.S.C. § 1531 (§ 2 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973) · 16 U.S.C. § 1721 · 16 U.S.C. § 3111 · 16 U.S.C. § 668A · 16 U.S.C. § 712
Relies on Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. · Roe v. Wade · Connecticut National Bank v. Germain · William Marbury v. James Madison · Morton v. Mancari
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 82 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“just as we will not infer from an ambiguous statute that Congress meant to encroach on constitutional boundaries, we will not presume from ambiguous language that Congress intended to authorize an agency to do so”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]e seriously doubt that Congress could give Indians a complete monopoly on the casino industry or on Space Shuttle contracts.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. United States v. Garrett · John Doe, a Minor, by His Mother and Next Friend, Jane Doe, and Josephine Helelani Pauahi Rabago, Intervenor, Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate Constance H. Lau, Nainoa Thompson, Diane J. Plotts, Robert K.U. Kihune, J. Douglasing, in Their Capacities as Trustees of the Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate“a blanket exemption for Indians from all civil service examinations”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. John Doe, a Minor, by His Mother and Next Friend, Jane Doe, and Josephine Helelani Pauahi Rabago, Intervenor, Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate Constance H. Lau, Nainoa Thompson, Diane J. Plotts, Robert K.U. Kihune, J. Douglasing, in Their Capacities as Trustees of the Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate · Amer Fed Govt Empl v. United States
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.