117 Ill. 2d 194 - People v. White’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

8 federal appellate · 186 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 198 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““[W]here intervening circumstances are present, a long period between arrest and confession may support the inference that it was the intervening circumstance, and not the illegal arrest, which prompted the confession. However, where no intervening circumstances are present, a long and illegal detention may in itself impel the defendant to confess.” People v. White, 117 Ill. 2d 194, 224 , 512 N.E.2d 677 (1987).”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
   e.g. 209 Ill. 2d 137 - People v. Morris · 396 Ill. App. 3d 856 - People v. Salgado

2. ““[Exigent] circumstances must ‘militate[ ] against delay and justiffy] the officers’ decision to proceed without a warrant.’ [Citation.] In addition, the police officers must act in a ‘reasonable fashion.’ [Citation.] The guiding principle is reasonableness, and each case must be decided on the basis of the facts presented [citation] and known to the officers at the time they acted. [Citation.] While no list of factors bearing on exigency can be considered exhaustive, we have in the past taken into account: (1) whether the offense under investigation has been recently committed [citation]; (2) whether there was any deliberate or unjustified delay by the officers during which time a warrant could have been obtained [citation]; (3) whether a grave offense is involved, particularly a crime of violence [citation]; (4) whether the suspect is reasonably believed to be armed [citations]; (5) whether the police officers were acting upon a clear showing of probable cause [citations]; (6) whether there is a likelihood that the suspect will escape if not swiftly apprehended [citation]; (7) whether there is strong reason to believe that the suspect is in the premises [citation]; and (8) whether the police entry, though nonconsensual, is made peaceably [citation]. All of these factors are guidelines, not cardinal maxims to be applied rigidly in each case. [Citation.]” 117 Ill. 2d at 216-17 .”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
   e.g. 189 Ill. App. 3d 580 - People v. Banks

3. ““(1) whether the offense under investigation has been recently committed [citation]; (2) whether there was any deliberate or unjustified delay by the officers during which time a warrant could have been obtained [citation]; (3) whether a grave offense is involved, particularly a crime of violence [citation]; (4) whether the suspect is reasonably believed to be armed [citations]; (5) whether the police officers were acting upon a clear showing of probable cause [citations]; (6) whether there is a likelihood that the suspect will escape if not swiftly apprehended [citation]; (7) whether there is strong reason to believe that the suspect is in the premises [citation]; and (8) whether the police entry, though nonconsensual, is made peaceably [citation].” People v. White, 117 Ill. 2d at 216-17 , 512 N.E.2d at 685 .”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
   e.g. 305 Ill. App. 3d 517 - People v. Williams