Graffam v. Burgess’s Empirical Analysis
117 U.S. 180 · 1886
Citation profile
85 federal appellate · 18 district · 165 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 334 later decisions (20 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2013 · most notably Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell (1934), Glus v. Brooklyn Eastern District Terminal (1959)
85 federal appellate · 18 district · 165 state decisions — followed in 33 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Hardin v. Boyd · Neale v. Neales · Tremaine v. Hitchcock & Co. · Tripp v. Cook
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 334 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"[I]f the inadequacy of price is so gross as to shock the conscience, or if, in addition to gross inadequacy, the purchaser has been guilty of any unfairness, or has taken any undue advantage, or if the owner of the property or party interested has been for any other reason misled or surprised, then the sale will be regarded as fraudulent and void[able 5 ], or the party injured will be permitted to redeem the property sold. Great inadequacy requires only slight circumstances of unfairness in the conduct of the party benefited by the sale to raise the presumption of fraud."”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““In this country Lord Eldon’s views were adopted at an early day by the courts, and the rule has become almost universal that a sale will not be set aside for inadequacy of price, unless the inadequacy be so great as to shock the conscience or unless there be additional circumstances against its fairness; being very much the rule that has always prevailed in England as to setting aside sales after the master’s report had been confirmed.””
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“‘•It is insisted that the proceedings were all conducted according to the forms of law. Very likely. Some of the most atrocious frauds are committed in that way. Indeed, the greater the fraud intended, the more particular the parties to it often are to proceed according to the strictest forms of law.””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.