Handy v. Brownlee’s Empirical Analysis
2004
Citation profile
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 791 · 29 U.S.C. § 794 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders · Chandler v. City of Dallas · Regional Economic Community Action Program, Inc. v. City of Middletown
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 4 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a. The plaintiff must establish a prima facie case of discrimination. b. When the plaintiff succeeds, the burden then shifts to the defendant to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the challenged employment action. c. If the defendant offers such reason, the burden then shifts back to the plaintiff to show evidence that the proffered explanation by the employer is only a pretext, masking the true discriminatory intent.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.