Howell v. Heim’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 50 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 56 later decisions — most recently March 2021 · most notably Rivera v. American General Financial Services, Inc. (2011), New Mexico Right to Choose/NARAL v. Johnson (1998)
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 50 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Goldberg v. Kelly · Dandridge v. Williams · Weinberger v. Salfi · Usery v. Turner Elkhorn Mining Co. · Richardson Ex Rel. Estate of Richardson v. Carnegie Library Restaurant, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 56 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A statute or regulation is considered retroactive if it impairs vested rights acquired under prior law or requires new obligations, imposes new duties, or affixes new disabilities to past transactions. However, a statute does not operate retroactively merely because some of the facts or conditions which are relied upon existed prior to the enactment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Morales“apply prospectively absent a clear intention to the contrary”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.