Freeman v. Complex Computing Co.’s Empirical Analysis
119 F.3d 1044 · 1997
Citation profile
29 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 98 later decisions — most recently February 2022 · most notably Lunneborg v. My Fun Life, Corp. (2018), Escalera v. Lunn (2004)
29 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Swint v. Chambers County Commission · Morris v. New York State Department of Taxation & Finance · Wm. Passalacqua Builders, Inc. v. Resnick Developers South, Inc. · Kaluczky v. City of White Plains · San Filippo v. U.S. Trust Co. of New York, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 98 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) disregard of corporate formalities; (2) inadequate capitalization; (3) intermingling of funds; (4) overlap in ownership, officers, directors, and personnel; (5) common office space, address and telephone numbers of corporate entities; (6) the degree of discretion shown by the allegedly dominated corporation; (7) whether the dealings between the entities are at arms length; (8) whether the corporations are treated as independent profit centers; (9) payment or guarantee of the corporation’s debts by the dominating entity, and (10) intermingling of property between the entities.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“an individual who exercises sufficient control over the corporation may be deemed an 'equitable owner,' notwithstanding the fact that the individual is not a shareholder of the corporation.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“substantial factual overlap bearing on the issues raised.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.