Long v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1852
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 98 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 102 later decisions — most recently May 2022 · most notably Kelly v. United States (1952), Henderson v. State (1970)
2 federal appellate · 98 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 102 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“`Force implies actual personal violence, a struggle and a personal outrage. If there is any injury done to the person, or if there is any struggle by the party to keep possession of the property before it is taken from him, there will be sufficient force or actual violence to constitute robbery....' Long v. State, 12 Ga. 293 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Brown v. State · Nelson v. State“Intimidation is constructive force, `and where property is extorted by fear, it is robbery, although it be taken under color of a gift.' See Long v. State, 12 Ga. 293, 320, 321 . We quote further from this case (p. 321): `The taking must be against the will of the person robbed, yet it may seem to be with his consent, when it is really delivered from fear. If it is apparently voluntary, yet from the facts and circumstances it is from fear, it is still robbery.' In Johnson v. State, 1 Ga. App. 729, 730 ( 57 S. E. 1056 ), Judge Powell quotes from the Long case as follows: `The rule laid down gives the safest criterion for their ascertainment, that is, the circumstances of terror are such as in common experience are likely to create apprehension of danger. If, according to common experience, the apprehension of danger, growing out of the circumstances, is so great as to constrain a man to part with his property for the safety of his person, then they are sufficient to make the taking violent, and a robbery. The place, the time, and the number of the assailants are to be considered as a retired place, at night, and a number so great as to make the idea of resistance impracticable.... Threats by word or gesture are of themselves sufficient to imply violence, and are the most usual means of intimidation.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.