¶1Williams sued Cassell, in trespass, to recover three-fold the value of a mare, taken by the latter, as constable, on an execution against the former.
¶2The record shows, that the execution was issued and came to the hands of Cassell, on the 24tli day of January, eighteen hun ■ dred and fifty ; that he made a levy upon the mare in controversy, as the property of Williams, on the eleventh of March following; that he, Kingston, claimed the mare as his property, whereupon a trial of the right of property was had, which resulted in a judgment against the claimant; that the mare was in the possession of Kingston, to whom she had been given up by Williams on a forfeited mortgage, at the time of the levy, though he permitted Williams to use her when he pleased; that previous, to the trial of the right of property, Williams disclaimed all ownership of the mare, and said that she belonged to Kingston; that Williams was the head of a family, residing with the same, at the time of the levy and sale, and had not, exclusive of the necessary household furniture and the mare in controversy, which was valued at thirty-three dollars, exceeding twenty-five dollars worth of property; that he gave notice to Cassell, some three or four days after the trial of the right of property, and before the sale, that he claimed the mare as exempt from execution, but that Cassell disregarding the notice, proceeded to sell the mare on the execution.
¶3Upon this state of facts, the Circuit Court found the defendant guilty, and gave judgment against him for three times the value of the mare.
¶4This finding and judgment was clearly erroneous. The evidence showed that Williams had no such title to the mare, as would authorize him to maintain this action. As between the plaintiff in the execution, and Kingston, the right of property was found against the latter, but it by no means followed, that it belonged to the execution debtor. When property levied upon is claimed by a third person, the question to be tried, is “whether the right of such property be in such claimant or not.” R. S ch. 91, §1. The judgment is conclusive only upon parties and privies. It does not determine that the property belongs to the defendant in the execution, for it often happens, that property not his own at the time, is liable to be taken in satisfaction of an execution against him.
¶5The case of Arenz v. Reihle, 1 Scam., 340, has been referred to, as deciding that a judgment against a claimant upon the trial of a right of property, is conclusive evidence, that the property levied upon belongs to the defendant in the execution, but sucli is not the point decided in that case, though the language of the Court would, at first view, seem to justify such an inference. The question in that case, was whether the record of a trial of the right of property, wherein judgment had been given against the claimant, was admissible in evidence against Arenz, who had received the property from such claimant, after it had been attached, and a bond given to the Sheriff for its return, in case a return should be adjudged, for the purpose of showing that the property belonged to the defendant in the attachment, so far as to be liable thereto; and the Court very properly held it admissible for that purpose, upon the principle, that Arenz was privy, to the judgment upon the trial of the right of property, and bound by it.
¶6The Court said, it is true, that “the record was not only the best evidence, but conclusive,” that the property belonged to the defendant in the attachment. This language must, however, be understood in reference to the case then under consideration, and means no more than that, in the case then before the Court, it was conclusive, as against Arenz, that the property was subject to the attachment.
¶7It was insisted upon the argument, that Cassell having levied upon the mare, as the property of Williams, is estopped from subsequently denying that fact. If this argument be correct, then he would have been liable to Williams, even had the right of property, been found for the claimant, and in all cases where an officer, by mistake, levies upon the property of a stranger, he will become twice liable; first, to the owner, whose goods he wrongfully seizes, and secondly, to the defendant, whose goods he has admitted by his return, that he seized, though he never took them. Such cannot surely be the lav/.
¶8The endorsement of the constable, is at most, in this action, but^nma facie evidence against him, that Williams owned the property, and that he did not in fact own it, is clearly established by proof of his own declarations, as well as the other evidence in the case.
¶9If a party fraudulently transfer his property for the purpose of avoiding the payment of his debts, or even sell it for a valuable consideration, after it has become subject to the lien of an execution against him, he cannot afterwards claim the property as his, and recover from the officer selling it, three times its value, upon the ground that it was exempt from execution against him.
¶10Let the judgment be reversed, and the cause be remanded.
¶11Judgment reversed.