¶1By the statute of June 22, 1832, it is provided, that no mortgage of personal property shall be valid, except against the parties to the same, unless possession of the mortgaged property be delivered to the mortgagee and retained by him, or it is recorded in the office of the clerk of the town where the mortgager resides.
¶2Subject to this provision is the exception, which has been long established, of actual notice, which supersedes the necessity of a record.
¶3There is no pretence here of actual notice of the mortgage by the attaching creditor. The only question is, whether he has had notice by the record.
¶4The mortgage, when drawn up, was entrusted to the mortgager, and he must be regarded as the agent of the mortgagee, so far as any directions were given by him as to its record.
¶5When he left the mortgage with the town clerk, he left it with a request for him to keep it out of sight for a few days, which was assented to by the town clerk. This we hold to be equivalent to a request that the mortgage should not be placed on record until farther order.
¶6It could not be on the record, which is always public, and open to inspection, and yet “ be kept out of sight,” and the clerk had no power to make it a record until such instructions were withdrawn ; and when recorded it could only date from the new instructions. Such is the effect of the arrangement made by the parties.
¶7*340It .is immaterial whether they understood the legal consequences of this arrangement or not. The notoriety contemplated by the statute in order to give validity to a mortgage, must exist. If by any arrangement between the parties to a mortgage, and the recording officer, this design of the statute is defeated, the mortgage is invalid against those persons who had no cognizance of it. The attempt to obtain the benefits of a mortgage, and yet to defeat the requirement by which alone it can have its effect on the public, is a gross fraud, which is especially reprehensible if participated in by the recording officer.
¶8The mortgage, under the facts in this case, was not left for record with the former town clerk, or recorded by him while he was in office. He has attempted to make a record of the mortgage since he retired from office.
¶9It is settled that the records of towns may be amended, to conform to the truth of the facts, by the person who was in office at the time. 3 N. H. Rep. 513, Bishop vs. Cone; 11 Mass. 477, Welles vs. Battelle; 6 N. H. Rep. 182, Cardigan vs. Page; 2 Pick. 397, Taylor vs. Henry. But such amendments should be made on application to the court, and on evidence showing the truth of the facts, where litigation has arisen involving rights arising under the amendment proposed. 9 N. H. Rep. 176, Gibson vs. Bailey.
¶10The great readiness of recording officers to make amendments in their records, on the suggestion of parties in interest, without a due hearing and order of court, is a practice which is either wholly inadmissible, or should not be exercised without great caution; and it should always appear on the record when, how, and why the amendment was made. It is only when this is done that the true character of the record appears, and all the facts connected with it essential to show its validity.
¶11The amendment in this case was improperly made. The mortgage was not left, or received in such manner as to au*341thorize a record ; and the subsequent entry, by the clerk, of such record, was without authority, and void. There must, therefore, be
¶12Judgment for the defendant.