12 Va. App. 1003 - Lavinder v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
247 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 247 later decisions — most recently May 2018 · most notably 16 Va. App. 82 - Pugliese v. Commonwealth (1993), 28 Va. App. 187 - Timbers v. Commonwealth (1998)
247 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Mu'Min v. Virginia · Commonwealth v. Story · LeVasseur v. Commonwealth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 247 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[w]hen it plainly appears from the record and the evidence given at the trial that the parties have had a fair trial on the merits and substantial justice has been reached.”
26 later decisions quote this exact passage“must review the record and the evidence and evaluate the effect the error may have had on how the finder of fact resolved the contested issues”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“A reviewing court must take into account the burden of proof applied at trial when evaluating the impact of an error upon a verdict. To the extent that the impact of an error on a verdict is affected by the burden of proof, in a criminal case, the reviewing court must consider that the fact finder was required to reach its verdict beyond a reasonable doubt.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.