12 Va. App. 1023 - Duarte v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

5 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““[T]he rule which excludes the evidence obtained by unlawful search because in violation of the Fourth Amendment does not apply where the unlawful search was made by a private individual acting on his own initiative.” Harmon v. Commonwealth, 209 Va. 574, 577 , 166 S.E.2d 232, 234 (1969). Thus, fourth amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures are “wholly inapplicable ‘to a search or seizure, even an unreasonable one, effected by a private individual not acting as an agent of the government or with the participation or knowledge of any governmental official.’ ” United States v. Jacobsen, 466 U.S. 109, 113 [-14, 104 S.Ct. 1652, 1656 , 80 L.Ed.2d 85 ] (1984) (quoting Walter v. United States, 447 U.S. 649, 662 [, 100 S.Ct. 2395, 2404 , 65 L.Ed.2d 410 ] (1980)); See Skinner v. Railway Labor Exec. Ass’n, 489 U.S. 602 [, 109 S.Ct. 1402 , 103 L.Ed.2d 639 ] (1989).”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 32 Va. App. 364 - Debroux v. Commonwealth