12 Va. App. 591 - Jacques v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
76 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 76 later decisions — most recently February 2016 · most notably 19 Va. App. 77 - Gottlieb v. Gottlieb (1994), 15 Va. App. 157 - Deal v. Commonwealth (1992)
76 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City · Mathis v. United States · City of Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications, Inc. · Nowak v. Trezevant · United States v. Borys
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 76 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“For [constitutional] purposes, when police stop an automobile and detain its occupant, this constitutes a “seizure” of the person, even though the purpose of the stop is limited and the detention brief. As relevant to these facts, a suspect may be detained briefly for questioning by an officer who has “a reasonable suspicion, based on objective facts, that the individual is involved in criminal activity.” The test is less stringent than probable cause. In order to determine what cause is sufficient to authorize police to stop a person, cognizance must be taken of the “totality of the circumstances — the whole picture.” Assessing that whole picture, “the detaining officers must have a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the particular person stopped of criminal activity.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage“an official police broadcast that a vehicle fitting the description of [the defendant's] was wanted in connection with two serious crimes.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.