Spier v. Baker’s Empirical Analysis
1898
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 2 district · 34 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 44 later decisions — most recently August 1987 · most notably Communist Party of United States of America v. Peek (1942), San Francisco County Democratic Central Committee v. Eu (1987)
6 federal appellate · 2 district · 34 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Marsh v. Hanly
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The Legislature can no more extend the right of suffrage to persons not included' in the constitutional provision than it can deprive persons there included of the right. The application of the maxim, ‘Expressio unius est exclusio alterius,’ bears with full force upon this provision of the Constitution declaring who are competent to vote at elections authorized by the laws of this state.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.