Conrod v. Davis’s Empirical Analysis
120 F.3d 92 · 1997
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently September 2022 · most notably United States v. Chhien (2001), Mosley v. City of Northwoods (2005)
17 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Malley v. Briggs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Once a defense of qualified immunity is raised, a plaintiff must offer “particularized” allegations of unconstitutional or illegal conduct. See Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 639-40 , 107 S.Ct. 3034 , 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). “The contours of the right must be sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what hé is doing violates that right.” Id., 483 U.S. at 640 . The official is not required to guess the direction of future legal decisions, see Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 535 , 105 S.Ct. 2806 , 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985), but must rely on preexisting case law for guidance. See Coffman v. Trickey, 884 F.2d 1057, 1063 (8th Cir.1989). Whether any individual will be held liable for official actions “turns on the ‘ob jective legal reasonableness’ -of the action”. Id. (citing Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 819 , 102 S.Ct. 2727 , 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982)).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Once a defense of qualified immunity is raised, a plaintiff must offer `particularized' allegations of unconstitutional or illegal conduct.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.