State v. Rawlings’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
38 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably State v. Ferreira (1999), Commonwealth v. Rodriquez (1992)
38 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · Katz v. United States · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Cortez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“An individual who is accosted by a police officer and has his freedom to walk away restrained has been seized. Not all seizures of the person need be justified by probable cause to arrest for a crime; a police officer may, in appropriate circumstances and in an appropriate manner, detain a person for purposes of investigating possible criminal behavior even though there is no probable cause to make an arrest. Such a seizure is justified under the Fourth Amendment if there is an articulable suspicion that the person has committed or is about to commit a crime.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Dice · State v. Wright“The defendant was the only person in the area other than the police officers. The defendant was walking away from the locale of the reported burglary. The defendant departed from a walkway and proceeded to cross the parking lot, which course of travel would take him out of the vision of the police officers. There was a motel in the direction in which the defendant was traveling. It is possible that the defendant could have been on an innocent mission, but these facts, together with the reported crime, provided objectively reasonable grounds which were adequate to support a police officer’s suspicion of criminal activity. These facts, in their totality, provide a basis for the trial court’s conclusion that the police officer’s stop of the defendant was a valid detention of a person for the purpose of investigating possible criminal activity, although there was no probable cause to make an arrest.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Kessler“A pat-search allows a law enforcement officer to investigate 'without fear of violence being inflicted upon the officer's person.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Saldivar
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.