Phelps v. Hamilton’s Empirical Analysis
122 F.3d 885 · 1997
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 7 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 47 later decisions — most recently February 2018 · most notably Gilbertson v. Albright (2004), Miller v. Board of Education of the Albuquerque Public Schools (2009)
15 federal appellate · 7 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Younger v. Harris · Powell v. McCormack · Middlesex County Ethics Committee v. Garden State Bar Ass'n · Hicks v. Miranda · Lewis v. Continental Bank Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 47 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]t is the plaintiffs 'heavy burden' to overcome the bar of Younger abstention by setting forth more than mere allegations of bad faith or harassment.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) whether it was frivolous or undertaken with no reasonably objective hope of success; (2) whether it was motivated by defendant’s suspect class or in retaliation for the defendant’s exercise of constitutional rights; and (3) whether it was conducted in such a way as to constitute harassment and an abuse of prosecutorial discretion, typically through the unjustified and oppressive use of multiple prosecutions.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“`in cases of proven harassment or prosecutions undertaken by state officials in bad faith without hope of obtaining a valid conviction and perhaps in other extraordinary circumstances where irreparable injury can be shown.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.