United States v. Lefkowitz’s Empirical Analysis
125 F.3d 608 · 1997
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently April 2021 · most notably United States v. Evans (1998), United States v. Gallant (2008)
23 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 1503 · 18 U.S.C. § 152 · 18 U.S.C. § 225 · 18 U.S.C. § 3006A (Criminal Justice Act) · 26 U.S.C. § 42 · 26 U.S.C. § 7206
Relies on Pereira v. United States · National Union Fire Insurance v. Helfand · Schmuck v. United States · United States v. Lane · Sowashee Venture v. EB, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) Whoever— (1) organizes, manages, or supervises a continuing financial crimes enterprise; and (2) receives $5,000,000 or more in gross receipts from such enterprise during any 24-month period, shall be fined not more than $10,000,000 if an individual, or $20,000,000 if an organization, and imprisoned for a term of not less than 10 years and which may be life. (b) For purposes of subsection (a), the term “continuing financial crimes enterprise” means a series of violations under section 215, 656, 657, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1014, 1032, or 1344 of this title, or section 1341 or 1343 affecting a financial institution, committed by at least 4 persons acting in concert.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“private or commercial interstate carrier”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.