Harris v. Roderick’s Empirical Analysis
126 F.3d 1189 · 1997
Citation profile
52 federal appellate · 14 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 137 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably Kisela v. Hughes (2018), Lacey v. Maricopa County (2012)
52 federal appellate · 14 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 111 (Federal Judiciary Protection Act of 2002)
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · Malley v. Briggs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 137 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Graham's totality of the circumstances test does not permit the use of deadly force to kill a suspect who is running [away from the officer] ... and who makes no threatening movement of any kind, even though the suspect had engaged in a shoot-out with law enforcement officers on the previous day and may have been the person responsible for the death of one of the officers.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Law enforcement officers may not shoot to kill unless, at a minimum, the suspect presents an immediate threat to the officers, or is fleeing and his escape will result in a serious threat of injury to persons”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“whenever practicable, a warning must be given before deadly force is employed.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.