United States v. Conner’s Empirical Analysis
127 F.3d 663 · 1997
Citation profile
51 federal appellate · 8 district · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 87 later decisions — most recently September 2024 · most notably Williams v. State (2002), United States v. Boyd (1999)
51 federal appellate · 8 district · 10 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · United States v. Leon · Payton v. New York · Ornelas v. United States · Nix v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 87 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“by a preponderance of the evidence: (1) that there was a reasonable probability that the evidence would have been discovered by lawful means in the absence of police misconduct, and (2) that the government was actively pursuing a substantial, alternative line of investigation at the time of the constitutional violation.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“knocked on the door longer and more vigorously than would an ordinary member of the public,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“loud enough to awaken a guest in a nearby room and to cause another to open her door,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.