¶1By llie Oourt The demurrer in this action must be sustained, on the ground that it appears from the face of the complaint that two causes of action are improperly united.
¶2The complaint contains a cause of action against the defendants A. B. & C. L. Clason for the sale and delivery of the goods by the plaintiffs to them, and also a cause of action in favor of the plaintiffs against Michael B. Clason on his promise to A. B. & C. L. Clason to pay their indebtedness for these goods, to the plaintiffs.
¶3This view disposes of the case so far as this demurrer is concerned, but other questions are raised by the demurrer which are vital to the plaintiffs’ right of recovery against M. B. Clason, and which will necessarily arise upon an amendment of the complaint. We deem it our duty therefore to look further into the case, in order that the rights of the parties may be determined without unnecessary delay or expense.
¶4*381The complaint avers in substance that the firm of A. B; & O. L. Clason, being indebted to the plaintiffs in the sum oí $295.50, and to other persons in divers other sums, sold and delivered to the defendant Michael B. Clason, certain goods, wares and merchandise, &c., &c., comprising all the stock in trade, notes and book accounts, &c., of the firm, in consideration whereof said Michael B. Clason agreed to and with said A. B. &. C. L. Clason to pay certain of their debts — -with others the said debt of the-plaintiffs. That in consideration and pursuance of the aforesaid agreement, said Michael B. Clason afterward promised and agreed to and with these plaintiffs to pay them their said debt.
¶5The promise by Michael B. Clason to A. B. and C. L. Clason to ’ pay the plaintiffs’ debt, is an original promise based upon a valuable consideration, namely, the sale and delivery of the stock of goods, &c. The question is whether the plaintiffs can avail themselves of this promise, by maintaining an action upon it in their own names. If they can, the other averments as to the promise directly to them will be mere surplusage. The authorities on this question are far from uniform either in England or the United States, and in view of the able discussions of the question, which are found in the books, we need not consider it at length. The right of the plaintiffs to sue under circumstances of this kind is sustained by many authorities, but a few of which need be referred to. 1 Ch. Pl., 4; 1 Pars. on Contr., 5 Ed., 466-8, and authorities cited in notes; Farley vs. Cleveland, 4 Cowen, 432; Same vs. Same, 9 Ib., 639; D. & H. Canal Company vs. W. Co. Bank, 4 Duer, 97; Lawrence vs. Fox, 20 N. Y., 268, and authorities cited; Arnold vs. Lyman, 17 Mass., 400 ; Carnegie and another vs. Morrison and another, 2 Met., 404 ; Crocker vs. Stone, 7 Cush., 338 ; Hind vs. Holdship, 2 Watts, 104; Beers vs. Robinson, 9 Barr, 229 ; Eddy et al. vs. Roberts, *38217 Ill., 508; Todd vs. Tobey, 29 Maine, 219; Motley vs. Manf. Ins. Co., 29 Maine, 337; Metcalf on Contr., 205-11, and authorities cited in notes.
¶6Parsons in his work on Contracts, speaking'on this subject says: “In this country the right 'of a third party to bring an action on a promise made to another for his benefit, seems to be somewhat more positively asserted, and we think it would be safe to consider this a prevailing rule with us.” 1 Pars. on Contr., 5th Ed., 467-8. In this case the parties were merchants ; A. B. & O. L. Olason were indebted to the plaintiffs for goods, and sold and delivered their whole stock in trade, notes and book accounts accruing out of their trade, fixtures, &c., to II. B. Olason, for which a part of the consideration was his promise to pay the plaintiffs’ debt. Under these circumstances, in view of the authorities, we are of opinion that the plaintiffs, can maintain this action, and that the complaint as to this promise states facts sufficient to constitute a cause -of action. As this determination settles the liability of M. B. Olason to the plaintiffs for the acts of A. B- & O. L. Olason, it is perhaps unnecessary to consider' whether he can be held liable to them on his promise to the plaintiffs personally, under the circumstances alleged in this case.
¶7The order sustaining the demurrer is affirmed.
¶8I think the order appealed from is properly affirmed on the ground that several causes of action are improperly united, but I do not .assent to the views expressed as to th'e liability of hlichael B. Olason to the plaintiffs on’ his contract with A. B. & O. L. Olason.