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130 Wis. 310

Kyle v. Carpenter

Wisconsin Supreme Court

Decided January 8, 1907

Wisconsin Supreme Court · decided 1907-01-08

<p> Partnership: Realty as partnership assets: Pleading: Demurrer:Fraud: Resulting trusts: Statute of frauds: Parol evidence. </p> <p>1. In an action to charge defendants as trustees holding the legal' title to certain real estate for the plaintiff partnership, it was alleged in the complaint, among other things, that the defendant C. had been a member of a partnership with plaintiffs for-years, conducting business on tbe premises in dispute, the legal title to one third of which was in each partner in trust for the firm; that, the firm haying dissolved by mutual consent, C. retired and sold to plaintiffs all his interest in the firm assets and property, including such real estate; that by the agreement of dissolution the plaintiffs assumed all obligations against the firm, released C. therefrom, and paid him the balance due him on such dissolution; that C. received such agreement, release, and payment in full satisfaction for his interest in the firm property, but failed to make conveyance thereof to plaintiffs; that thereafter the remaining partners for over eight years carried on the same business upon and were in the actual, open possession and occupancy of such real estate without objection or question by C.; that C. had, for the purpose of defrauding plaintiffs, wilfully and wrongfully, and in violation of the trust imposed, conveyed the legal title to such one third to his co-defendant, who accepted such conveyance, with full knowledge of the facts, for the purpose of defrauding the plaintiffs. The complaint prayed that defendants be adjudged to hold the legal title to such real estate in trust for said firm and for the plaintiffs. On appeal from an order overruling a demurrer to such complaint, held:</p> <p>(1) The real estate in question was property belonging to the partnership up to the time of its dissolution.</p> <p>(2) Although the complaint did not in express terms allege that C. agreed to convey to plaintiffs such legal title, such agreement was necessarily implied from allegations that plaintiffs purchased the real estate from C. and paid him in full the agreed purchase price.</p> <p>(3) C.’s refusal to convey the legal title to the lands to plaintiffs and his conveyance to his co-defendant was a breach of a trust and a fraud on the plaintiffs.</p> <p>(4) The transaction between plaintiff and C. did not create an express trust within the calls of sec. 2081, Stats. 1898, but a resulting trust within the calls of sec. 2076 (excepting from the chapter on uses and trusts those arising or resulting by implication of law).</p> <p>(5) The demurrer was properly overruled.</p> <p>2. Real estate purchased for partnership purposes and appropriated to those purposes and necessary therefor, always becomes partnership property, and it is immaterial in what manner, or by what agency, the land is bought, or in what name it stands. The partner holding the legal title to land, however it may have come to him, will be held as trustee for the partnership, if it be certain that the land was in fact a part of their joint property as partners.</p> <p>3. Where a partnership holds land not as the chief purpose of its existence, but as an incident to its business, the statute of frauds does not apply, and the land may be shown to be part of the partnership stock and affected with partnership equities by oral evidence.</p> <p>4. Real estate so purchased and held is in equity not only considered as the property of the firm for the payment of its debts, but also for the purpose of adjusting- the equitable claims of the copartners between themselves.</p>

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““It is elementary that ‘real estate purchased for partnership purposes and appropriated to those purposes, paid for by partnership funds and necessary for partnership purposes, always becomes partnership property. Nor does it seem to be material in what manner, or by what agency, the land is bought, or in what name it stands.’ Parsons, Partn. (4th ed.) §265. In the same section it is said: “ ‘We consider it an established rule in equity that any party holding the legal title to land, however it may have come to him, will be held as trustee for the partnership, if it be certain that the land was in fact a part of their joint property as partners.’ ””

quoted by 1 later decision, including 72 Wis. 2d 600 - In Re Estate of Schaefer

Relies on Fairchild v. . Fairchild · Greenwood v. . Marvin · Whiting v. Gould

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Affirmed · Decided 1907-01-08

How this case has been cited

Cited by 5 later decisions — most recently May 1976

5 state decisions

2019071910192019301940195019601970decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

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Cassoday, C. J.

¶1The facts alleged in the complaint are-of course admittéd by the demurrer. From such facts it appears that after the defendant Curtiss had been in partnership with the plaintiffs about three and one-half years under-the firm name of Kyle Bros. & Co., conducting the business-mentioned upon the premises described, the firm was dissolved by mutual consent, Curtiss retiring from the firm and selling to the plaintiffs all his right, title, and interest in and *315to the assets and property of tbe firm, including said real estate, and in consideration tberefor tbe plaintiffs, in and by tbe agreement of dissolution, assumed all obligations against tbe firm and released tbe said Curtiss from any and all obligations to tbe firm, including bis indebtedness mentioned, wbicb was thereupon credited to bim on tbe books of tbe firm, and tbe plaintiffs also paid to said Curtiss tbe balance due bim on sucb dissolution; and said Curtiss received sucb release, agreements, and payment in full satisfaction for bis undivided one-tbird interest in and to tbe assets and property of said firm of every kind, including said real estate, but said Curtiss failed to make any conveyance of said real estate to plaintiffs. It further appears that ever since May 25, lS97j tbe plaintiffs have carried on sucb business under tbe firm name of Kyle Bros., upon and in tbe. actual and open possession and occupancy of said real estate, without any objection or question from said Curtiss, and that for tbe purpose of defrauding tbe plaintiffs tbe said Curtiss on October 9, 1905, wilfully and wrongfully and in violation of tbe trust reposed in bim conveyed tbe legal title to tbe undivided one-tbird interest in said real estate to tbe defendant Cwi'penter, who wil-fully and wrongfully, and with full knowledge of tbe facts stated, accepted such conveyance for tbe purpose of defrauding tbe plaintiffs.

¶2Upon tbe facts stated it s difficult to perceive upon wbat theory tbe defendants can withhold from tbe plaintiffs the legal title to tbe lands in question. They were property which belonged to tbe partnership up to tbe time of its dissolution. Tbe terms of dissolution were mutually agreed upon. In sucb mutual agreement tbe plaintiffs assumed all obligations against tbe firm and released Curtiss from any and all his indebtedness to tbe firm. By sucb agreement the plaintiffs were to' have all tbe right, title, and interest of Curtiss in tbe partnership property, including tbe real estate, for which the plaintiffs paid him the agreed price, wbicb Curtiss received in full *316payment and satisfaction for such right, title, and interest. True, the complaint does not in express terms allege that Cur-tiss agreed to convey to the plaintiffs such legal title, but it does allege that the plaintiffs purchased the real estate from Curtiss and paid him in full the agreed purchase price, and this necessarily implied an agreement to so convey. The agreement thus made between the parties was fully executed, except that Curtiss failed to convey such legal title to the plaintiffs. The prayer of the complaint is that the judgment shall declare and establish that the respective defendants held and hold the legal title to the undivided one-third of said real estate in trust for the firm of which Curtiss was a member and for these plaintiffs. It is true, as argued by counsel for the defendants, the transaction did not create an express trust within the meaning of the statutes. Sec. 2081, Stats. 1898. The chapter in which that section is found abolishes “uses and trusts, except as authorized and modified” therein, but declares that the sections of that chapter shall “not extend to trusts arising or resulting by inrplication of law.” Sec. 2076, Stats. 1898. Such resulting trusts have frequently been recognized and enforced by this court. Whiting v. Gould, 2 Wis. 552; Orton v. Knab, 3 Wis. 576; Martin v. Morris, 62 Wis. 418, 22 N. W. 525; Davenport v. Stephens, 95 Wis. 456, 458, 70 N. W. 661.

¶3It is elementary that “real estate purchased for partnership purposes and appropriated to those purposes, paid for by partnership funds and necessary for partnership purposes,, always becomes partnership property. Nor does it seem to be material in what manner, or by what agency, the land is bought, or in what name it stands.” Parsons, Partn. (4th ed.) § 265. In the same section it is said:

“We consider it an established rule in equity that any party holding the legal title to land, however it may have come to him, will be held as trustee for the partnership, if it be certain that the land was in fact a part of their joint property as partners.”

¶4*317Another text-writer says:

“Where a partnership holds land not as the chief purpose of its existence, but as an incident to its business, the statute of frauds does not apply, and the land may be shown to be part of the partnership stock and affected with partnership equities by oral evidence.” 1 Bates, Partn. § 301.

¶5Such statements are amply supported by adjudged cases. Among others, see Fairchild v. Fairchild, 64 N. Y. 471; Greenwood v. Marvin, 111 N. Y. 423, 19 N. E. 228; Sherwood v. St. P. & C. R. Co. 21 Minn. 127; Marsh v. Davis, 33 Kan. 326, 6 Pac. 612. Such real estate, so purchased and held, is in equity not only considered as the property of the-firm for the payment of its debts, but also “for the purpose-of adjusting the equitable claims of the copartners as between themselves.” Smith v. Tarlton, 2 Barb. Ch. 336. Here, upon the dissolution of the firm and in the adjustment of such equitable claims between the partners, Gurtiss was to convey, his legal title to the lands to plaintiffs; and his refusal to do so' and his conveyance to Carpenter was a breach of trust and fraud', on the plaintiffs. In the opinion of the trial court the facts, alleged entitled the plaintiffs to a specific performance of the-contract to convey to them the legal title to the real estate. Of course the power of courts to compel specific performance-is not abridged by the statute of frauds. Sec. 2305, Stats. 1898. The complaint does not in terms pray for such specific-performance, and so we refrain from further considering the question here. We perceive no ground for claiming that the cause of action alleged is barred by the statutes of limitation.

¶6By the Court. — Both orders of the circuit court appealed: from are affirmed.

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