McCardle v. Haddad’s Empirical Analysis
131 F.3d 43 · 1997
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 98 later decisions — most recently October 2025 · most notably Galdieri-Ambrosini v. National Realty & Development Corp. (1998), Kirsch v. Fleet Street, Ltd. (1998)
26 federal appellate · 6 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Katz v. United States · Hensley v. Eckerhart · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 98 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“specify the judgment sought and the law and the facts on which the moving party is entitled to the judgment.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he defense [of qualified immunity] cannot properly be decided by the court as a matter of law unless the defendant moves for judgment as a matter of law... in accordance with Fed.R.Civ.P. 50.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Appellants never articulated a qualified immunity defense distinct from their contention — the heart of their defense throughout these proceedings — that no constitutional violation occurred.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Stephenson v. Doe
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.