Case: 23-1840 Document: 41 Page: 1 Filed: 03/19/2025
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
______________________
LARRY WILLIAMS,
Claimant-Appellant
v.
DOUGLAS A. COLLINS, SECRETARY OF
VETERANS AFFAIRS,
Respondent-Appellee
______________________
2023-1840
______________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for
Veterans Claims in No. 21-6135, Judge Coral Wong Pietsch.
______________________
Decided: March 19, 2025
______________________
KENNETH M. CARPENTER, Carpenter Chartered, Topeka, KS, argued for claimant-appellant.
MARTIN F. HOCKEY, JR., Commercial Litigation Branch,
Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, argued for respondent-appellee. Also represented by BRIAN M. BOYNTON, MARGARET JANTZEN,
PATRICIA M. MCCARTHY.
______________________
Before LOURIE, STOLL, and CUNNINGHAM, Circuit Judges.
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2 WILLIAMS v. COLLINS
STOLL, Circuit Judge.
Larry Williams appeals the decision of the United
States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, which concluded that the Department of Veterans Affairs complied
with the requirements of 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(b) in a Statement of the Case sent to Mr. Williams in 1979. Because
the Veterans Court correctly interpreted § 3.156(b), we affirm the Veterans Court’s decision.
BACKGROUND
Mr. Williams served on active duty in the United
States Navy from August 1972 to March 1974. He filed a
claim for compensation for schizophrenia with the VA’s Regional Office (RO) in April 1978. As part of this claim, the
VA received a hospital summary with a diagnosis of “[p]ossible schizophrenic reaction.” J.A. 2 (alteration in original)
(quoting J.A. 18). In July 1978, the RO denied service connection for schizophrenia.
This led Mr. Williams to file a Notice of Disagreement
(NOD) in January 1979 with a request that the VA obtain
treatment records concerning his admission “to [the] Louisville [VA Medical Center (VAMC)] on [January 10,
1979].” J.A. 2 (alterations in original) (quoting J.A. 26). In
February 1979, the VA received a copy of a hospital report
showing a diagnosis of “[c]hronic schizophrenia, paranoid
type.” J.A. 2 (alteration in original) (quoting J.A. 27).
Later that spring, the VA also received an income-networth-and-employment statement that reported Mr. Williams had stopped working “due to nerves” and was applying for Social Security benefits. J.A. 2 (citation omitted).
On June 12, 1979, the RO noted that additional evidence was received after the July 1978 rating decision. The
RO found that the “HR [(hospital report)] is not new [and]
material evid[ence] for the purpose of sc [(service connection)]. Sufficient disability to permanently prevent this
24 y[ear] old vet[eran] from following substantially gainful
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WILLIAMS v. COLLINS 3
employment.” J.A. 30. The RO thus confirmed the previous denial of service connection for schizophrenia in a confirmed rating decision (VA Form 21-6789). The confirmed
rating decision was never sent to Mr. Williams.
One day later, on June 13, 1979, the RO issued a Statement of the Case that was sent to Mr. Williams. Under the
heading “Summary of Evidence and Adjudication Actions,”
the Statement of the Case lists and describes the alleged
new and material evidence, including the February 20,
1979 hospital report, stating that Mr. Williams “was discharged on February 7, 1979, with final diagnosis of
chronic schizophrenia, paranoid type.” J.A. 35. The Statement of the Case also lists the February 1979 statement
that Mr. Williams had stopped working. J.A. 35. The
Statement of the Case then goes on to describe the RO’s
June 12, 1979 decision, stating “[i]t was held this date that
no change was warranted in the previous denial of service
connection for schizophrenia and of his claim for nonservice-connected disability pension. This is the first notice
to the veteran of this decision.” J.A. 35. Mr. Williams did
not perfect his appeal to the Board of Veterans’ Appeals.
On June 4, 2009, Mr. Williams submitted a claim to reopen his previously denied claim for service connection for
schizophrenia. By May 2021, Mr. Williams had received a
100 percent disability rating for service-connected schizophrenia and special monthly compensation (SMC) based on
the need for regular aid and attendance, both with effective
dates of June 4, 2009. The Board denied Mr. Williams an
earlier effective date, which he appealed to the Veterans
Court.
The Veterans Court affirmed the Board’s denial of an
effective date earlier than June 4, 2009. The Veterans
Court considered Mr. Williams’s argument that the Board
should have addressed whether the VA’s failure to send
him a copy of the June 12, 1979 confirmed rating decision
“impacted the finality of the July 1978 rating decision,”
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4 WILLIAMS v. COLLINS
specifically under 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(b), because the failure
to send this confirmed rating decision meant that “the VA
failed to provide a determination directly responsive to
Mr. Williams’s new evidence submitted within one year of
the July 1978 Rating Decision.” J.A. 5 (citation omitted).
The Veterans Court determined that, among other things,
Mr. Williams failed (1) to “challenge the Board’s finding
that the June 1979 [Statement of the Case] considered all
the evidence then of record”; (2) to “acknowledge that the
June 1979 [Statement of the Case] denied service connection based on its express consideration of the January 1979
VA hospital summary confirming a diagnosis of ‘[c]hronic
schizophrenia, paranoid type’ and the February 1979 statement that he stopped working as a result of a nervous condition”; and (3) to “present any argument as to whether the
June 1979 [Statement of the Case] was a determination
that was directly responsive to that evidence, and he therefore fail[ed] to demonstrate that the July 1978 rating decision’s finality could possibly be vitiated under § 3.156(b).”
J.A. 7.
Mr. Williams appeals. We have jurisdiction under
38 U.S.C. § 7292(c).
DISCUSSION
This appeal concerns whether the Veterans Court
erred in determining that the VA met the requirements of
38 C.F.R. § 3.156(b) when the RO issued a Statement of the
Case in 1979 such that the finality of its 1978 rating decision was not impacted. If Mr. Williams is correct, and the
VA may not satisfy the requirements of § 3.156(b) by issuing a Statement of the Case, then Mr. Williams contends
his 1978 claim remains pending, and he could be entitled
to an effective date prior to June 4, 2009. On the other
hand, if Mr. Williams’s interpretation of § 3.156(b) is
wrong, then the 1978 claim became final when he failed to
perfect his appeal following receipt of the 1979 Statement
of the Case.
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WILLIAMS v. COLLINS 5
We review the Veterans Court’s interpretation of a regulation de novo. See 38 U.S.C. § 7292(c); Breland
v. McDonough,
22 F.4th 1347, 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2022). We
start our interpretation analysis with the language of the
regulation at issue:
New and material evidence received prior to the expiration of the appeal period, or prior to the appellate decision if a timely appeal has been filed
(including evidence received prior to an appellate
decision and referred to the agency of original jurisdiction by the Board of Veterans Appeals without consideration in that decision in accordance
with the provisions of § 20.1304(b)(1) of this chapter), will be considered as having been filed in connection with the claim which was pending at the
beginning of the appeal period.
38 C.F.R. § 3.156(b). 1 Section 3.156(b) thus “provides that
the VA must treat (1) new and material evidence (2) received prior to the end of the appeal period (3) as having
been filed in connection with the claim that was pending at
the beginning of the appeal period.” Pickett v. McDonough,
64 F.4th 1342, 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2023). Nothing in the language of the regulation states that the VA cannot satisfy
its § 3.156(b) obligations in a Statement of the Case.
Turning to our pertinent case law, in Bond v. Shinseki,
we held that under § 3.156(b) that “the VA must evaluate
submissions received during the relevant period and
1 The version of this regulation in effect in 1979 was
listed under 38 C.F.R. § 3.156(a) and was later moved to
§ 3.156(b). For purposes of this appeal, the parties and
prior tribunals agree the regulations are substantively
similar and refer to the modern version. See Oral Arg.
at 00:48–1:17, https://oralarguments.cafc.uscourts.gov/default.aspx?fl=23-1840_11062024.mp3.
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6 WILLIAMS v. COLLINS
determine whether they contain new evidence relevant to
a pending claim.”
659 F.3d 1362, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2011).
There, the VA evaluated whether the evidence it received
supported a new claim but failed to consider whether it constituted new and material evidence for a pending claim.
See
id. at 1367–68. And “nothing in the record indicate[d]
that the RO or Board” determined whether the evidence
submitted was new and material.
Id. at 1368. We explained that, “[a]bsent any indication in the record that
this analysis occurred, we decline to presume that the VA
considered, but rejected, the possibility that Mr. Bond’s . . .
submission contained new and material evidence relating
to his [pending] claim.”
Id.
Similarly, in Beraud v. McDonald, we reaffirmed the
VA’s obligation under § 3.156(b) to “provide a determination that is directly responsive to the new submission.”
766 F.3d 1402, 1407 (Fed. Cir. 2014). There, the Veterans
Court found that a pending claim became final upon the
VA’s final denial of an identical claim despite the VA’s failure to analyze the pending claim under § 3.156(b). Id.
at 1404. We again held that the VA must make a determination under § 3.156(b), and a pending claim is not finalized until the VA makes the required § 3.156(b)
determination. Id. at 1407. We also rejected the government’s invitation to presume that the VA considered the
veteran’s submission, as there was “no indication” in the
record that the VA had done so. Id. at 1406–07. We emphasized that this is especially so in situations where “the
government asks us to indulge a presumption that the VA
considered records it never obtained.” Id. at 1407.
We elaborated further in Pickett that the VA need not
issue a formal determination citing § 3.156(b), but rather
there must be at least some indication that “the VA determined whether the submission is new and material evidence and, if so, considered such evidence in evaluating the
pending claim.” 64 F.4th at 1347. In Pickett, a veteran was
granted service-connected compensation for post-
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WILLIAMS v. COLLINS 7
traumatic stress disorder and coronary artery disease
(CAD) effective April 2004, which he appealed, seeking a
higher rating for CAD. Id. at 1343. Within the appeal window, the veteran filed an application for total disability
based on individual unemployability (TDIU), which is VA
Form 21-8940. Id. When it denied the veteran’s TDIU
claim, the RO: (1) listed the VA Form 21-8940 as evidence
considered; (2) addressed TDIU entitlement due to CAD;
and (3) denied TDIU on the merits. Id. at 1343–44. The
veteran never appealed that decision. Id. at 1344. Later,
when he filed another TDIU claim, the veteran argued that
his 2004 claim was still pending because the RO did not
explicitly state whether VA Form 21-8940 was new and
material evidence to his claim seeking a higher CAD rating. Id. We disagreed, holding that “an implicit finding”
that a submission is or is not new and material evidence
satisfies § 3.156(b). Id. at 1347.
With this precedent in mind, we hold that the Veterans
Court did not err in determining that the record shows that
the VA complied with § 3.156(b). In our view, nothing precludes the VA from using a Statement of the Case to
demonstrate that it has fulfilled its obligations under
§ 3.156(b), and the 1979 Statement of the Case meets the
requirements of our case law.
First, as long as “there is some indication that the VA
determined whether the submission is new and material
evidence and, if so, considered such evidence in evaluating
the pending claim,” our case law does not preclude the VA
from meeting this obligation in a Statement of the Case. 2
2 Our case law has not clearly delineated whether
there must be some indication in the record or made to the
veteran that the VA has undertaken the required analysis
pursuant to § 3.156(b). Circumstances presented in our
prior cases have not required such parsing of the issue.
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8 WILLIAMS v. COLLINS
Id. at 1347. Nor does Mr. Williams point to anything in the
regulation or our case law to preclude the VA’s use of a
Statement of the Case to show compliance with § 3.156(b).
And we are not persuaded by his argument that the statutory requirements for a Statement of the Case preclude reliance on it to satisfy § 3.156(b). The statute in place at the
relevant time did not preclude Statements of the Case from
containing a § 3.156(b) analysis, and, in fact, sub-requirement (C) specified that a Statement of the Case must include a “decision on [each] issue . . . and a summary of the
reasons therefor,” which implies the opposite—i.e., that a
Statement of the Case could have “some indication” that
the VA performed a § 3.156(b) analysis. 38 U.S.C.
§ 4005(d)(1)(C) (1979); see also
id. § 4005(d)(1)–(4).
Second, the 1979 Statement of the Case distinguishes
this appeal from Bond and Beraud, where there was no indication anywhere in the record that the VA considered the
additional evidence raised within one year of a claim denial
in connection with that claim. Here, the 1979 Statement
of the Case lists the new evidence raised after the 1978 denial of Mr. Williams’s claim and then states “that no
change was warranted in the previous denial of service connection for schizophrenia and of his claim.” J.A. 35. There
is thus “some indication” that the VA considered the evidence submitted, “implicitly” determined whether said evidence was new and material, and considered it as
appropriate in connection with Mr. Williams’s pending
claim. Pickett, 64 F.4th at 1347; Hampton v. McDonough,
While the record here includes the June 12, 1979 confirmed
rating decision, which addressed the alleged new and material evidence but was not sent to Mr. Williams, we do not
decide whether the June 12, 1979 rating decision alone
would satisfy § 3.156(b) because we affirm the Veterans
Court’s holding that the June 13, 1979 Statement of the
Case does.
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WILLIAMS v. COLLINS 9
68 F.4th 1376, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2023) (finding an implicit determination sufficient).
Accordingly, because the Veterans Court did not misinterpret § 3.156(b) when it found the VA satisfied its obligations under that regulation when the RO issued a
Statement of the Case in 1979, we affirm the Veterans
Court’s decision.
CONCLUSION
We have considered Mr. Williams’s remaining arguments and find them unpersuasive. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Veterans Court’s decision denying
Mr. Williams’s appeal for an earlier effective date for his
service-connected disability benefits.
AFFIRMED
COSTS
No costs.
