Schwarz v. Kogan’s Empirical Analysis
132 F.3d 1387 · 1998
Citation profile
5 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently February 2021
5 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Mallard v. United States Dist. Court for Southern Dist. of Iowa · Rita v. United States · Breininger v. Sheet Metal Workers International Ass'n Local Union No. 6 · Searle v. Simon · United States v. Kelly
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]o survive this minimal scrutiny, the challenged provision need only be rationally related to a legitimate government purpose.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“any plausible link between the purpose of the [legislative act] and the methods selected to further this purpose, then no violation of substantive due process exists.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“any state of facts reasonably may be conceived to justify it.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.