Floyd v. Waiters’s Empirical Analysis
133 F.3d 786 · 1998
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 53 later decisions — most recently April 2025 · most notably Shotz v. City of Plantation (2003), Griffin v. City of Opa-Locka (2001)
21 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 20 U.S.C. § 1681 (§ 901 of the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972) · 20 U.S.C. § 1687 (§ 908 of the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972) · 20 U.S.C. § 2891 · 20 U.S.C. § 3381 · 20 U.S.C. § 8801 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · City of Canton v. Harris · Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · Cannon v. University of Chicago
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 53 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We do not think that school districts, in reality have actual knowledge — the knowledge to support potentially million-dollar liability for the school district — whenever, for example a deputy assistant director of transportation (but no one higher-up) may know that a bus driver is harassing someone or the foreman (but no one higher-up) of the district’s emergency plumbing crew has knowledge of misconduct, and these supervisors could fire (but do not) the harassers.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The local school superintendent shall be the executive officer of the local board of education; ... it shall be the local school superintendent's duty to enforce all regulations and rules of the State School Superintendent and of the local board according to the laws of the state and the mies and regulations made by the local board that are not in conflict with state laws ...”) (emphasis added) with Ala.Code § 16-9-13 (”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“basically reject[ed] respondeat superior liability (and liability based on other variants of agency law) for local school districts under Title IX.” Id. at 790 . Rather, at least in a case dealing with sexual harassment of a student by a school district employee, the district”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.