Hayden v. Grayson’s Empirical Analysis
134 F.3d 449 · 1998
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 35 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently October 2022 · most notably Emmanuel v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters (2005), Patterson v. American Fork City (2003)
8 federal appellate · 35 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1367 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Foman v. Davis · City of Canton v. Harris · City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Only if the failure to train “amounts to deliberate indifference to the rights of persons with whom the police come into contact,” and is “closely related” to, or “the moving force” behind, the constitutional injury, can the claim against the municipality prevail.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“[t]he liability criteria for 'failure to train' claims are exceptionally stringent.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“`the decisionmaker. . . selected or reaffirmed a course of action at least in part `because of,' not merely `in spite of[,]' its adverse effects upon an identifiable group.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.